高中英语语法复习之形容词和副词一、形容词：表示人和事物的特征，对名词起修饰和描绘作用。e.g. long, empty, cheap, hungry, etc.1、 成分：在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分He is a good student. （ ）I have something important to tell you. （ ）当形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,every-构成的不定代词时,形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后. e.g.Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper ?The trees turn green in spring. （ ）We are alone on the island. （ ）只能作表语，不能作定语的形容词：alone afraid awake asleep alive able形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语We must keep the classroom clean. （ ）He made us happy. （ ）Colour it green. （ ）Attention :有些单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、 friendly、ugly、silly、likely、 timely 、 brotherly 、sisterly 、 motherly fatherly 等。2、形容词的比较级和最高级词 尾 变 化原级比较级最高级单音节词在词尾加-er(比较级)或-est(最高级)以字母e接尾的词加-r或-sttall 、large 以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一个辅音字母应双写辅音字母再加er或estbig 、 hot 、以辅音字母+y结尾的词变为i再加-er,或-esthappy 少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词可加-er或-estNarrow、 多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面加more 和most difficult 不规则变化原级比较级最高级巧记Good/ wellbetter best特殊形式比较级共有三对二合一坏病两多并两好little意思不是小一分为二有两个一是老来二是远Bad/ ill worseworstMany/ muchmoremostfarfartherfurtherfarthestfurthestoldOlder /elderoldest/eldest形容词的原级句型：1)as+形容词原形+asTom is as tall as Mike.Tom is three times as old as Mike.There are as many students in our school as yours. 2)否定 not as+形容词原形+as “和 不一样”或 not so+形容词原形+as “不及不如 Tom is not as tall as Mike.Tom is not so tall as Mike.3)so+ 形容词原级+that丛句/such+名词that丛句He is so big that he cant enter the room bythe door .4) too+原级+ to do sth.He is too young to join the army. 5)形容词原级+ enough to do sth. This truck is big enough to carry 5 tons. 形容词比较级的句型：1)比较级+than Our school is larger than theirs.This bridge is longer than that one.表示两者之间的选择，可使用“Which is+ 比较级，or?” Which is longer, this one or that?2)表示不及另一方时，使用“less+原级+than”This park is less beautiful than that one.3)“The+比较级，the+比较级” The smaller the house is, the less it will cost us the heat.4)“比较级+and+比较级” In spring, the days are getting longer and longer. 可修饰比较级的词:a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等典型例题:1）- Are you feeling _? - Yes，Im fine now. A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better2）The experiment was _ easier than we had expected. A. more B. much more C. much D. more much3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school. A. the happiest timeB. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much happier time注意 :no/ not + 比较 级 + than 的特殊含义 A is no more careful than B. A和B两人都不仔细。 A is not more careful than B. A不如B仔细。 more. than与其说倒不如说 It is more like a wall than a spear. They are more like father and son than teacher and student. more than + n. / num. / adj. There are more than fifty students in our class. He is more than a teacher; he is our friend. She is more than kind to us all.形容词的最高级：1)倍数的表达 A is twice / three times as+big / tall / high / wide / long +as B A is twice / three times bigger / taller / higher / wider/ longer than B A is twice / three times the size / height / width / length of B 二、副词1、分类：时间副词now, then, today, tomorrow, ago, lately, soon, immediately, often, usually, early地点副词outside, upstairs, anywhere, up, forward, here, there, away, in, back, off方式副词simply, quickly, happily, loudly, suddenly, luckily, again, once, easily, together程度副词very, quite, rather, extremely, completely, widely, partly, perfectly, badly, too疑问副词when, where, why, how（引导特殊疑问句）关系副词when, where, why (引导定语从句)连接副词when, where, why, how (引导名词性从句和副词性从句)其他surely, certainly, really, however, therefore, perhaps, moreover, yes, no2、副词的比较级和最高级副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容词的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同.e.g. fast-faster-fastestslowly- more slowly most slowly形容记的最高级前要用定冠词the,副词的最高级前可用可不用定冠词the.Mount Qomolangma is the highest in the world.Jim jumped (the) highest of the all.频度副词放在动词前，情态动词和助动词之后。He always goes to school on footShe was often late for school I have never been to Beijing易混词语辨析与练习late, later, latest, lately 1. The _ edition of the dictionary is far better than the previous ones.2. If the cab arrives _, you will miss the flight. 3. This photo reminds me of my _ grandfather.4. Hes not been feeling well just _.5. In _ autumn, you will find the ground covered with fallen leaves. 6. At first he denied all guilt, but he _made a partial confession. rather, fairly, quite It is _ that his English is _ perfect.A. sure; very B. right; rather C. exact; fairly D. certain; quite rather 常修饰贬义的词，意为“太过，过于”， 用rather 意为反感；fairly 常修饰褒义的词，意为赞许。e.g.This room is fairly big/ rather big. quite 与表示完全概念的词（right,