Subjunctive mood 虚拟语气,定义： 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。,真实条件句,The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will rainB.rains C.rained D.is rained,非真实条件句,1.与现在事实相反的假设。 if从句 主句 didwere would (mightcould should) +v. Eg. If they were here, they would help you.,B,2.与过去事实相反的假设。 if从句 主句 had +p.p.would (mightcould should) have+ p.p. Eg. If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.,3.表示对将来情况的主观推测（可能相反或可能性很小）,if从句 主句didwere were + to do would (mightcould should) +v. should + do Eg. If you succeeded should succeed were to succeed, everything would be all right.,混合条件句 （混合虚拟语气）,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主、从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。例如：If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).,虚拟条件句的倒装,虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 _ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I,C,Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him.=If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.,特殊的虚拟语气词：should,1） It is necessary / a pity + that结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。（注：常为表情绪、观点的形容词或名词，如:necessary. important. impossible. natural. strange. surprising, funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等。） Eg. It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.,2）在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。【注：一想要(desire)一宁愿(prefer)二命令(order. command) 三建议(advise. suggest. propose) 五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist)中】。无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“（should） + 动词原形”。Eg. I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there. 如果suggest, insist不表示建议 或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。,在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用 在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等 名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即 （should）+动词原形. My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.,wish的用法,1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你) 2.表示过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+p.p.eg. I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。（事实：原来不知道） 3.表示将来难以实现的愿望,谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了） (注：if only、would rather 、 It is (high) time that、 as if/ as though也有类似用法）,2009年高考真题 This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year , we would repair it at our expense.（天津卷，15） A. would B. should C. could D. might 2. But for the help of my English teacher , I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.（ 福建卷，35） A.would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 3. But for their help , we _ the program in time.（安徽卷，34） A.can not finish B. will not finish C.had not finish D. could not have finished,Practice It is required that the students _ mobile phones in their school , so seldom _ them using one. A. not use ; will you see B. should not use ; you will see C. dont use ; will you see D. not use; you will see 2. How I wish I _ my mouth before I shouted at my mum. A. shut B. have shut C. had shut D. would shut 3. The boy insisted that he _ his best and _ praised. A. had tried ; must be B. tried ; must be C. try ; should be D. had tried ; be 4. Johns pale face suggested that he _ ill , and his parents suggested that he _ a medical examination. A. be ; should be B. was ; have C. should be ; had D. was ; has 5. It was recommended that passengers _ smoke during the flight. A. not B. need not C. could not D. would not,1.Even if he _(be) here, he couldnt solve the problem. 2. Without air, there _(be) no living things. 3. But for your help,I_ (not do) it. 4. If only I _(take) his advice, but I didnt. 5. I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I _(come) to the meeting.,were,would be,couldnt have done,had taken,would have come,1.If she hadnt trained so hard, she _(not,be) able to run so fast today. 2.They _(want) to help but couldnt get here in time. 3.I _(be going to)travel by train but then we decided to go by air.,wouldnt be,had wanted,was going to,