附 录1 英文原文Mould Design and ManufacturingCAD and CAM are widely applied in mould design and mould making.CAD allows you to draw a model on screen ,then view it from every angle using 3-D animating and ,finally ,to test it by introducing various parameters into the digital simulation models pressure ,temperature ,impact ,etc .CAM ,on the other hand ,allows you to control the manufacturing quality .The advantages of these computer technologies are legion ;shorter design times modifications can be made at the speed of the computer .lower cost ,faster manufacturing ,etc .This new approach also allows shorter production runs ,and to make last-minute changes to the mould for a particular part. Finally ,also ,these new processes can be use to make complex parts .Computer -Aided Design CAD of MouldTraditionally, the creation of drawings of mould tools has been a tim-econsuming task that is not part of the creative process. Drawings are an organizational necessity rather than a desired part of the process .Computer-AidedDesign CADmeans using thecomputer and peripheral devices to simplify and enhance the design process .CAD systems offer an efficient means of design ,and can be use to create inspection equipment .CAD data also can play a critical role in selecting process sequence .A CAD system consists of three basic components ;hardware ,software,User ,The hardware components of a typical CADsystem include a processor ,a system display, a keyboard, a digitizer, and a plotter. The software component of a CAD system consists of the programs which allow it to perform design and drafting functions. The user is the tooldesigner who uses the hardware and software to perform the design process.Based on he 3-D data of the product, the core and cavity have to be designed first.第 1 页 共 12 页Ussrally the designer begins witha preliminarypart design ,which means the work around the core and cavity could change .Modern CAD systems can support this with calculating a spot line for a defined draft direction ,splitting the part in the core and cavity side and generating the run-off or shut -off true faces .After the calculation of the optimal draft of the part, the position and direction of the cavity, slides and insertshave to be defined .Then, in the conceptual stage, the positions and the geometry of the mould suchas slides, ejection system, etc. areroughly defined. Withthis information, the size and thickness of the plates can be defined and the correspondingstandard mouldthat comes nearest tothe requirements ischosen and changed accordingly by adjusting the constraints and paramenter so that any number of plates withany size can be use in the mould. Detailingthe functional components andadding the standard any size can be used inthe mould. Detailingthe functional compontnts and adding thestandard components complete themould.Thisall happens in3D .Moreover,the mould system provide functions forthe checking, modifying and detailing of the part .Already in this early stage ,drawings and bill of materials can be created automatically.Through the use of 3D and the intelligence of the mould system, typical 2D mistakes such as a collision between cooling acnodmponents/cavities or the wrong position of a hole can be eliminated at the beginning. At any stage a bill of materials and drawings can be created-allowing the material to be ordered on time and alwayshaving an actual document to discuss withthe customer or a bid for a mould base manufacturer .The use of a special 3D mould design system can shorten development cycles,improve mould quality ,enhance teamwork and free the designer from tedious routine work.Thedevelopment cyclescan beshortened onlywhenorganizationand personnel measures are taken. The part design, mould design, electric design and mould manufacturing departments have toconsistently worktogether ina tight relationship .Computer -Aided Manufacturing CAM of MouldOne way to reduce the cost of manufacturing and reduce lead-time is by setting第 2 页 共 12 页up amanufacturing system that uses equipment and personnel totheirfullest potential .the foundation for this type of manufacturing system as the use of CAD data to help in madding key process decisions that ultimately improve machining precision and reduce non-productive time .This iscalled as computer-aided manufacturing CAM.The objective of CAM is to produce, if possible ,sections of a mould without intermediate steps by initiating machining operations from the computer workstation .With a good CAMsystem, automation does not just occur withinindividual features. Atuomation of machining processes also occurs between all of the features make up a part, resulting in tool -path optimization. As you create features, the CAM system constructs a process plan for you .Operations are ordered based on a system anal