十、非谓语动词【考纲分析】1. 中考考纲 : (1) 非谓语动词（动词不定式做宾语、宾补、目的状语）2. 近5年中考非谓语动词的考点及分值分布年份题型分值考查内容2012年单项选择1to finish 2013年单项选择1不定式的否定形式：(try )not to make完形填空短文填空1.5动名词 (enjoy ) eating / having2014年单项选择1不定式的否定形式：(In order) not to be late完形填空1(for ) disturbing短文填空2015年单项选择1不定式的否定形式：(advise) not to leave完形填空短文填空2016年单项选择1不定式：(expect) to win完形填空短文填空【自主学习】 用所给动词的适当形式填空, 并找出标志词。1. I spent two hours (do) my homework last night.2.Satellites are used for (learn) more about the earth.3.He finishes (wash) at eight oclock every evening.4.Youve worked for 4 hours. Please stop (have) a rest.5.She often makes us (do) a lot of homework after school.6.Mother always tells me (not read) in bed.7.They asked the headmaster (speak) at the meeting.8. (smoke) too much is bad for your health.9. .It took me two hours (finish) my homework last night.10.Thank you for (come) to see me.11.I want (see) a film tonight.12.Did you see her (go)upstairs just now？13.Im thirsty. Id like something (drink).14.Do you know where_ (buy) this kind of sports shoes ?15.The old man found it difficult (fall) asleep.参考答案1.doing2.learning3.washing4.to have 5.do6.not to read7.to speak8.Smoking9.to finishing11.to see12.go 13.to drink14.to buy15.to fall 【教师点拨】非谓语动词是动词的形式，在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用。不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。分为动词不定式、动名词和分词三种。考点1 动词不定式(1) 构成： to 动词原形， 否定式：not to 动词原形(2) 用法：常在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、目的状语和定语等。 作主语 如：To learn English well is very important.= Its very important to learn English well 作表语 如：My dream is to be a reporter. 作宾语 如：I want to be an actor. I find it interesting to play basketball. 作宾补 如：The teacher asked us to finish the homework in time. 作目的状语 如：He went there to see his uncle. 作定语 如：Would you like something to drink？ (3) 常考词组和句型： 后面常用动词不定式作宾语的词有：would like to do sth (乐意做某事)want to do sth (想要做某事)decide to do sth (决定做某事)plan to do sth (计划做某事)begin / start to do sth (开始做某事)Try to do sth (设法做某事) pretend to do sth(假装做某事)hope to do sth (希望做某事) agree to do sth (同意做某事)learn to do sth (学会做某事) need to do sth (需要做某事)promise to do sth (答应做某事) refuse to do sth (拒绝做某事) used to do sth (过去常做某事)Afford to do sth (负担得起做某事) 后面常用动词不定式作宾补的词有：ask sb. to do sth. (叫某人做某事) tell sb. to do sth. (告诉某人做某事)allow sb. to do sth. (允许某人做某事)wish sb to do sth (希望做某事)want sb. to do sth. (想要某人做某事)advise sb to do sth (建议某人做某事)invite sb. to do sth. (邀请某人做某事)expect sb to do sth (期待某人做某事)Encourage sb to do sth (鼓励某人做某事)Teach sb to do sth (教某人做某事) It代替动词不定式做形式主语和形式宾语。 （it. to do ）如：Its useful to learn a foreign language. (It代替动词不定式做形式主语) He found it difficult to finish the work by himself. (it代替动词不定式做形式宾语)注意：Its important for us to study English well. 学好英语对我们来说是重要的。(用介词“for”，表示动词不定式与形容词有主谓关系)Its clever of him to work out the problem. 他太聪明了，能算出了这道难题。(用介词“of”，表示of后面的名词或代词与形容词有主谓关系) 特殊疑问词(what， when， which， where， who， how) to do (why 除外)如：I dont know when to go / where to go / which to buy.She didnt tell me what to do / how to do it.(4) 几个固定不定式的词组，常放在句首，作独立成分。to ones surprise 使某人惊奇的是to begin with 首先to be honest 老实说 to tell the truth 说实话考点2 省to 的动词不定式(1) 使役动词和感官动词，带动词不定式做宾补时，主动语态时不定式省“to ”, 被动语态时要补“to ”常考句型和词组：make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事see sb. do / doing sth 看见某人/做了/ 正在做某事let/have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事watch sb do / doing sth 观看某人做了/ 正在做某事have sb. do sth. 请某人做某事find sb do / doing sth. 发现某人做了/ 正在做某事had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事Hear sb do / doing sth. 听见某人做了/ 正在做某事prefer to do rather than do sth. 宁愿做而不愿would rather do sth. than do sth. 宁愿做而不愿Why dont you do ?=Why not do sth.？ 为什么不做？Would / could you please (not) do sth.？ 请你(不)好吗？【课堂检测】() 1. What happens when you hear a strange noise at night .or find a big spider in the corner of your bedroom ? It often makes us _. A. jumpB. to jump C. jumping D. jumped() 2. My parents didnt allow me _ to the party. A. go B .to go C. goes D. went() 3. Does Mary only have an apple for breakfast? Yes. She eats like a bird _. A. to wake up B. to be strong C. to lose weight D. to fall asleep() 4. .Its rather hot in the room. Youd better the windows or the door. A. close B. not to close C. dont close D. not close() 5. Paul made a nice cage the little sick bird till it could fly. A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep考点3 动名词 （动词ing形式）(1) 结构： doing(2) 用法： 常在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾补、伴随状语和定语 作主语 如：Doing sports is good for our health.