2020-2021学年安徽省合肥市某校高一（上）期中英语试卷第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共4小题；每小题6分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1. Losing weight comes with a lot of health benefits-including making your brain sharper. Yes,it turns out that overweight may damage cognitive（认知的）functions such as memory and attention.There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning,possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance.Losing weight,therefore,may help improve these mental functions,according to a new research led by John Gunstad,assistant professor of psychology（心理学）at Kent State University. Growing evidence suggests that being fat is linked to cognitive deficits（缺陷）.So Gunstad and his team guessed that losing weight might improve mental function.For their study,they measured memory and attention in a group of150overweight participants,some of whom had some kind of operation for weight loss and some did not.All of the volunteers completed mental skills tests to assess their abilities of memory and attention at the beginning of the study,and again12weeks later.To begin with,about24%of the patients showed damaged learning and23%showed signs of poor memory when tested.At the end of the study,those who had lost weight after operation improved their scores into the average or above average range for cognitive functions.Scores for the volunteers who didnt lose weight dropped even further. The study helped Gunstad to find out whether losing weight had any effect on mental function.Now that hes seen the positive effect that weight loss can have on memory and attention,he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way-eating healthier and getting more active.He expects that losing weight in this way will have a similarly positive effect on the brain.If we can improve the condition with operations,then we can probably produce the same change with behavioral weight loss as well,he says. （1）The result of Gunstads study shows that_.A.losing weight has little effect on peoples memoryB.losing weight can improve peoples mental functionsC.overweight people are likely to have psychology problemsD.overweight peoples abilities of concentration differ greatly （2）What is Gunstad planning to prove next in his research？_A.Slim people are smarter than overweight people.B.Healthy diet is better than exercise in losing weight.C.Traditional ways of losing weight are better than operation.D.Overweight people will get smarter by the traditional way. （3）Which of the following is the best title for the text？_A.Body Weight and HealthB.Losing Weight by OperationC.Ways to Improve Mental FunctionsD.Losing Weight to Sharpen Your Mind2. Each Indian（印第安人）was supposed to keep his birth name until he was old enough to earn one for himself.But his playmates（游戏伙伴）would always give him a name of their own.No matter what his parents called him,his childhood friends would use the name they had chosen.Often it was not pleasing,such as Bow Legs or Bad Boy.But sometimes a name fit so well that the youngster found it difficult to shake it off.If he could not earn a better one from a war later,he could be stuck with a name like Bow Legs for the rest of his life. The Indian earned his real name when he was old enough for his first fight against the enemy.His life name depended on how he acted during this first battle.When he returned from the war,the whole tribe would gather and observe the ceremony in which he would be given his name by the chief.If he had done well,he would get a good name.Otherwise he might be called Crazy Wolf or Man-Afraid-Of-a-Horse.So an Indians name told his record or described the kind of man he was. A man was given many chances to improve his name,however.If in a later battle he was brave in fighting against the enemy,he was given a better name.Some of our great fighters had as many as twelve names-all good and each better than the last. An Indians names belonged to him for the rest of his life.No one else could use them.Even he himself could not give them away because names were assigned by the tribe,not the family.So no man could pass on his name unless the chief and the tribe asked him to do so. Sometimes an Indian would be asked to give his name to a son who had performed a noticeable deed.I know of only three of four times when this happened.It is the rarest honor for a person-the honor of assuming（承担）his fathers name. （1）An Indian could be given the second name by_.A.his fatherB.the enemyC.the chief of the tribeD.his childhood friends （2）The greatest honor an Indian could earn was_.A.a victory in his first battle against the enemyB.a name given by the chiefC.a ceremony to get his real nameD.the r