第二章 非谓语动词（二）非谓语动词的用法不定式与疑问词what, which ,who, whom,how等构成动词的宾语。I do not know how to do it.作表语不定式作表语放在be和其他系动词后，说明主语的内容。My job is to sweep the floor.不定式作主语时，表语也必须为不定式，结构必须保持一致。To see is to believe.如果主语部分的谓语动词或非谓语动词是实义动词do的某种形式，那么作表语的不定式可以省略to.The first thing to do is find her.The only thing he could do was tell the truth.作定语不定式作定语通常放在所修饰的名词或代词后。something important to tell you（被动关系）His wish to be an artist has never come true.（同位关系）She has no friends to play with.（主动关系）（注：若不定式为不及物动词，其后需加上相应的介词）作状语不定式作状语主要是表示目的、条件、原因和结果，可位于句首或句末，但句首时通常用逗号隔开。We set off early to catch the bus.（目的）He worked hard only to fail.（结果）（注：不定式表结果常和only连用，往往表示出乎意料的、意想不到的、不愿得到的结果）He hurried to the station only to find the train had left. “形容词+enough+不定式”和“too+形容词或副词+不定式”（太而不能）也可作结果状语。He is old enough to go to school.He is too weak to raise the stone. 作补语不定式作补语表示动作的完成。宾语与作补语的不定式之间是主动关系。She wanted me to arrive there early.动词不定式可作感官动词和使役动词（let，make ，have）后面的宾补时，不定式符号to要省略，但如果句子变被动结构，必须还原to表示动作的完成。He made them climb the hill.They were made to climb the hill. 动词不定式可作形容词的补足语，句型为：主语+系动词+表语主语+find/think/consider/believe等+宾语+adj+to doHe is easy to fool.The woman is hard to work with.He finds the job difficult to do.（2）动名词的用法具有动词和名词的特点，有一般式和完成式，有主动式和被动式，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。否定形式在其前面加not.作主语Driving a car on the crowded road is boring.作宾语She managed to escape being punished.以下动词词组后面只接动名词作宾语：insist on, be devoted to,I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.