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精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上名词一英语学习内容框架1.语音(即48个国际音标); 2.语法:词法和句法;3.语汇(词汇)词法:名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词(情态动词等)、介词,连词、感叹词、冠词。句法:主语从句,定语从句,宾语从句、状语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、虚拟语气、 倒装句、主谓一致、非谓语动词、主动与被动、时态、名词性从句。个体名词一、 名词可数名词 【C】(一) 名词的种类不可数名词 【U】物质名词抽象名词普通名词名词 集体名词 China ,the Great Wall, the United States 专有名词(1) 个体名词:指单个人或者事物的名词。例如:book、person 、pencil 、dog 、chair 、bike 等。(2) 集体名词:一群人或者一些事物的总称。例如:people 、family 、police 、class 、group 、team 等。(3) 物质名词:表示构成各种物体的物质或材料。例如:wood、stone 、water、paper、air、wool、steel等。(4) 抽象名词::knowledge danger health life homework等。二、名词复数的变化1.一般情况下,直接+S 例如:students cakes apples 2. 以s、x、sh、ch结尾,直接+es 例如: buses boxes watches dishes但如果以 ch 结尾的名词发音为 k时,只加 s。 stomach stomachs 读 /s/3. 以辅音字母加y结尾, 把y 改为I 再加es 例如:babybabies citycities ladyladies4. 元音字母加y结尾,直接加s 例如:toytoys monkeymonkeys 5. 以f或fe结尾的词,把f或fe改为v,再加es 读 /vz/ half-halvesknife-knivesleaf-leaves wolf-wolves life-lives thief-thieves(1)特殊:chief首领 gulf 港湾 cliff悬崖 roof屋顶 safe 保险箱 (2) 直接加s或者把f或fe改为v,再加es,均可:handkerchief(餐巾纸) - handkerchiefs / handkerchieves hoof(蹄)-hoofs/hooves一个negro爱吃potato种了tomato是个hero (黑人)有生命的加es 6. (1)以辅音字母加O结尾piano、photo、kilo、tabacco(烟叶)无生命的直接加s(2)以元音字母+o结尾,加 s 读 /z/ radio-radios bamboo-bamboos zoo-zoos volcano-volcanoes (火山) 7. 把oo改为ee: foot feet tooth teeth goose-geese 8.单复同形:Chinese fish (鱼肉) sheep deer Japanese means-means(手段、方法)另外,还有 度量衡、货币等单位的名词。Eg: yuan, jiao, fen, jin, mu(亩)9.不规则变化 ox-oxen(公牛)child children mouse mice louse-lice(虱子)man men men doctors woman women women teachers 10.表示“某个国家人”:a Chinese-two Chinese ; a Janpanese-three Janpanese ; an American- two Americans ;an Arab-Arabsan ; Englishman -Englishmen ; a German-two Germans11. 复合名词的复数情况 原则:有中心词的将中心词变为复数,没有名词的将最后的词变为复数:looker-on-lookers-on(旁观者) go between-go betweens (中间人) sons-in-law(女婿)editor in chief-editors in chief a passer by -several passers by(过路人)forget-me-nots grown-ups12. 集体名词:(集体名词不能用具体的数字修饰,只能在前加the表示“全体”)The police the English the French the Swiss the family 13. 有些词只有复数形式,没有单数形式:trousers clothes shorts(短裤) goods( )glasses(眼镜)compasses (圆规) 14. 有些外来词的不规则复数形式:analysis-analyses; basis-bases; thesis-theses; crisis-crisescriterion-criteria; phenomenon-phenomena; medium-media15. 个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。rains (雨季)sands (沙滩) snows (积雪)waters (海域、水域) works(作品)woods(森林) peoples(民族)arms武器 16. 以s结尾复数形式出现,仍为单数的名词(1) maths,physics等学科名词,不可数名词作单数。(2) news 为不可数名词,只能说a piece of news.(3) 国名:the United States,the United Nations 为单数(4) 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也视为单数。: The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 17.当名词以连字符连接时, 名词一般保留单数形式: two-dozen eggs one hundred two hundred a ten-mile walk a five-year plan18.不可数名词:money、milk、bread、water、paper、juice、wood、work、people、advice 、 hair、fruit、time 、work、news(消息)、luck、fun(有趣的事),homework、advice(劝告、建议),harm、progress、information、weather、wealth、furniture、luggagebaggage(行李) etc. 19.修饰不可数名词的短语a cup of(tea)一杯茶a pair of glasses 一副眼镜 a head of cattle 一头牛a piece of news(一则新闻) a bowl of soup 一碗汤 a block of ice 一块冰块 a glass of juice 一杯果汁a bottle of jam 一瓶果酱a lot of work a set of furniture一套家具20. 只能修饰可数名词的有each, either, neither, another, these, those, both, several, many, a great /good many, a large number of, scores of, dozens of等。2. 只能修饰不可数的有(a) little, much, a bit of, a great deal of, a large amount of等。3. 既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的有some, any, half, most, all,a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, quantities of等。21.词(Proper Nouns):指人名、地名及某些人和事物专有的名称。Diana; Beijing; Americans;English; May; New Years Day注意:专有名词的第一个字母要大写二、名词的所有格名词所有格的概念:名词之间的所有关系。1.名词的后面直接加s Toms guitar my faters wish Wangchao Qiangs book 2. 词尾是以s结尾的复数是,只要加 birds nests my parents wishes Teachers Day 3. A和B的所属问题 John and Marys room ( ) Johns and Marys rooms( )4.表示节日Childrens Day (6-1) April Fools Day (4-1) Womens Day (3-8) Fathers Day (六月第三个星期日) New Years Day(1-1)Mothers Day(五月第二个星期日) Teachers Day(9-1)National Day(10-1)5.表示时间、距离、国家、城市, 在词尾加s或“ ”an hours drive two weeks time thirteen tons weight 400 metres distance five minutes walk todays newspaper 6.表示店铺、医院、住宅及公共建筑时,名词所有格后常常省略被修饰的名词at the doctors (office) at Tims (home) at the Greens (home) at the tailors (shop) 7. of 的所有格 “of+名词” The top of the hill the environment of the city the life of the poor the economy of China 8“of+名词的所有格” a friend of my fathers a friend of Georges several friends of mine/hers/his/theirs/oursHe is a friend of my fathers(强调父亲不止他一个朋友)He is a friend of my father. (强调是我父亲的唯一一个朋友)附表:主格 I you he she itwe they形容词性所有格my your his her its our
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