优秀学习资料欢迎下载高三二轮阅读理解微技能专项训练之细节理解与主旨大意I.解读 2015 最新考试说明：要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息，做到（1） 理解文中具体信息（2） 作出判断和推理（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义(备注：在以往的考试说明中为“根据上下文推断单词的词义”）（4） 理解主旨要义（5） 理解作者的意图、观点和态度。（6） 理解文章的基本结构II. 分析近三年全国卷高考试题表 1： 近 3 年课标高考英语卷阅读文体统计表2012 2013 2014（I）2014（II）A 篇应用文记叙文应用文记叙文B 篇说明文议论文记叙文议论文C 篇记叙文说明文议论文说明文D 篇议论文应用文说明文应用文题材：人物、新闻、故事；社会、自然科学科普文章，广告、应用文，社会热点评论等表 2：近 3 年新课标卷“阅读理解”考点分布对比试卷题目类型主旨和要义作 者 意图、观点和态度选择标题简单判断和推理推断生词词义具体信息12 年题数2 2 1 5 2 3 13 年题数1 1 0 5 0 8 14 年卷 I 题数1 2 1 5 1 5 14 年卷 II 题数1 0 1 4 1 7 20XX 年卷 I：“具体信息”题目较少，题目难度略有提高；20XX 年卷 II：未考查“作者观点态度”，猜测词义（指代）2 题。具体信息7 题，总体难度较易。阅读理解微技能训练之细节理解类I.细节理解题解题流程细节理解题无论以怎样的方式提问，考生都要记住一个解题原则 “本本主义”，一切从原文出发，无须读很多段落甚至全文后去归纳总结、分析推理，正确答案就对应原文的某一处具体信息。可以用两步法解题。II 细节理解题整体分析细节理解题要求考生对文章中的特定细节或具体事实进行判断和认定。一般来说，此类题目多属直接解答性问题，是高考阅读的四个题型中难度最小的一种。它的得分率相对较高，所占的比重较大，是我们做好阅读理解、夺取高分的基础，此类题目，只要细心就能做对。 常见提问方式 when, where, who, why, what 和 how 等提问或要求用此类信息补全句子，考查对应的六大信息内容，即时间、精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - -优秀学习资料欢迎下载地点、人物、原因、事件和方式。We can learn from the text / Para 2 that _. According to what _ said, _. Which of the following shows the right order of what happened to the diary? Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text? 细节理解的解题技巧： 1. 扫题干 2. 抓关键词 3.定位置4. 研选项 ( 干扰项的特点) 1) 以偏概全与原句的内容相似，但在程度有变动 2)无中生有明显不是文章的信息3) 夸大 / 缩小是原文信息，但故意增加或减少细节 4)偷梁换柱偷换文中细小信息5) 半真半假信息部分正确，部分错误 6)答非所问是原文信息，但不是题干要求的内容III. 细节理解类试题分类突破类型 1.直接信息题：（此种类型试题所占比例很小）考法角度：答案几乎直接就可以从原文中找出来，设题常用who/what/where/why/how 等提问。【典例精析】阅读片段1-2014 江西卷 Passage A Para 1 Larry was on another of his underwater expeditions(探险 )but this time, it was different. He decided to take his daughter along with him. She was only ten years old. This would be her first trip with her father on what he had always been famous for. 56.In what way was this expedition different for Larry? A.His daughter had grown up. 、B.He had become a famous diver. C.His father would dive with him. D.His daughter would dive with him. 阅读片段2(2014 新课标全国卷阅读理解B 节选)Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener ” toward the environment. “We didnt know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it ， ” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA. Great improvement has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 1995 there are about 6,600. Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution. . 25According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about _. Athe social movement Brecycling techniques Cenvironmental problems Dthe importance of Earth Day Summary _ 【我的应用】训练片段1-2014 四川卷Passage C Para1-2 A schoolgirl saved her fathers life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic ( 过敏的 ) reaction which stopped his heart. Izzy, nine, restarted father Colms heart by stamping (踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing. 39. Izzy kicked her father in the chest _ . A. to express her helplessness B. to practise CPR on him C. to keep him awake D. to restart his heart 训练片段2-2015.3.烟台一模Passage C Para 1 Film director James Cameron first became interested in sea exploration when he was a little boy His love for the ocean grew after he made the 1989 undersea adventure film The Abyss and the 1997 blockbuster Titanic，one of the most successful movies of all time Following that big success ，James Cameron decided to put his film career on hold to become an explorer 28When did James Cameron become interested in the ocean? AWhen he was in his childhood BAfter his films The Abyss and Titanic精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - -优秀学习资料欢迎下载CAfter he achieved great Success in movies D When he began to explore the deep sea alone类型 2.间接类事实细节（此类试题占的比重较大，尤其是在全国卷中）考法角度：该类试题的选项不出现原文的直接信息，而是借助同义转换、概念解析、归纳事实等方法对原文信息进行适当变换。【典例精析】阅读片段3-20XX 年新课标全国卷I Passage B Para 1&2 Passenger pigeons (旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks (群)so large that they the sky for hours. It was calculated that when it population reached its highest point ,they were more than 3billlionpassenger pigeonsa number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati. 24. In the 18th and early 19teh centuries, passenger pigeons_ A. were the biggest bird in the world B. lived mainly in the south of America C. did great harm to the natural environment D. were the largest bird population in the US 阅读片段4-20XX 年新课标全国卷I Passage C Para 1 The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert (警觉). Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white