第一篇Technology Transfer in Germany When it comes to translating basic research into industrial Success，few nations can match GermanySince the 1940s,the nations vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from scienceAnd though German prosperity(繁荣)has faltered(衰退)over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic declineit still has an enviable record for turning ideas into profit Much of the reason for也at success is the Fraunhofer Society，a network of researchinstitutes t11at exists solely to solve industrial problems and create soughtafter technologiesBut today the Fraunhofer institutes have competitionUniversities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all overThese efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success，but it is not without its criticsThese people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science，eventually starving industry of fresh ideasIf every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur(企业家)，the argument goes，then the traditional principles of university research being curiositydrivenfree and widely available will SufferOthers claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years While this debate continues,new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germanys research networkswhich bear famous names such as Helmholtz，Max Planck and LeibnizYet it is the fourth network，the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europes largest organisation for appliedtechnology，and has 59 institutes employing 12，000 peopleIt continues to growLast year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in BerlinToday,there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia31 What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?A Technology transferB Good managementC Hard workD Fierce competition32 Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research? A It is free B It is profit-driven C It is widely availableD It is curiosity-driven33 The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organisation for applied technology in A Asia B USA C EuropeD Africa34 Whenwas the Fraunhofer Society founded? A In 1940. B Last year C After the unificationD In 1949.35 The word “expertise in line 3 could be best replaced by A “experts” B scientists” C “scholars” D special knowledge”第二篇Star Quality A new anti-cheating system for counting the judges scores in ice skating is flawed，according to leading sports specialistsIce skatings governing body announced the new rules last week after concerns that a judge at the Winter Olympics may have been unfairly influenced Initially the judges in the pairs figureskating event at the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City voted 5 to 4 to give the gold medal to a Russian pair，even though they had a fall during their routineBut the International Skating Union suspended the French judge for failing to reveal that she had been put under pressure to Vote for the RussiansThe International Olympics Committee then decided to give a second gold to the Canadian runners-up(亚军) The ISU，skatings governing body, now says it intends to change the rulesIn future 14 judges will judge each event，but only 7 of their scores-selected at random-will count, The ISU wont finally approve the new system until it meets in June but already UK Sportthe British Governments sports bodyhas expressed reservations“I remain to be convinced that the random selection system would offer the guarantees that everyone concerned with ethical sport is looking for，says Jerry Bingham，UK Sports head of ethics(伦理) A random system can still be manipulated，says Mark Dixon，a specialist on sports statistics from the Royal Statistical Society in London“The score of one or two judges who have been nobbled(受到贿赂)may still be in the seven selected” Many other sports that have judges，including diving，gymnastics，and synchronizedswimminghave a system that discards the highest and lowest scoresIf a judge was underpressure to favour a particular team，they would tend to give it very high scores and mark down the opposition team，so their scores wouldnt countIt works for diving，says Jeff Cook，a member of the international government bodys technical committee“If you remove those at the top and bottom youre left with those in the middle，SO youre getting a reasonable average Since the 2000 Olympics in S