精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上初升高英语第一讲 ：句子的基本成分和结构句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和主语补足语、同位语。学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。一英语句子的八大成分：一） 主语：Walls have ears. ( )He will take you to the hospital. （ ）Three plus four equals seven. （ ）To see is to believe. （ ）Smoking is not allowed in public places. （ ）Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. （ ）二）谓语动词由_担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。 Action speaks louder than words. The chance may never come again. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. 三）表语 它的位置在_之后。是用来说明主语的_,_, _的.My father is a professor. ( )Whos that? Its me. ( )Everything here is expensive. ( )The match became very exciting.( ) The story of my life may be of help to others.( )Three times five is fifteen. ( )His plan is to seek work in the city. ( )My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( )四）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在_之后。_词后也会跟宾语。 She covered her face with her hands.( ) We havent seen her for a long time. ( ) Do you mind opening the window? ( ) Give me four please. ( ) He wants to dream a nice dream. ( ) We need to know what others are doing. ( ) We should care more about our friends. ( )五）定语 是修饰_词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_。They are woman workers. （ ）Toms father didnt write home until yesterday. （ ）Mary is a beautiful girl. （ ）The play has three acts. ( )This is her first trip to Europe. ( )China is a developing country. ( )I have nothing to eat. ( )Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. ( )六）状语 状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。 The best fish swim near the bottom. ( ) I left the village five years ago. ( ) I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( ) Well send a car to fetch you. ( ) The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( ) The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.( ) If he goes, so will I . ( ) Though he is a child, he knows a lot. ( ) 七）宾语补足语 英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成_。 They elected me captain of the team. ( ) We try to make our country strong. ( ) We found everything in good order there. ( ) I should advise you to get the chance. ( ) I saw him going upstairs. ( ) 主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语变为主语补足语 I was elected captain of the team. ( ) Our country will be made strong. ( )八）同位语 当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语，.这两个句子成分多由名词（代词）担任，同谓语通常 皆放在其说明的名词（代词）之后We have two children, a boy and a girl. ( )They two went, we three stayed behind. ( )They all wanted to see him. ( ) 二、简单句的五种基本句型1主语 + 系动词 + 表语1）Our city is at the crossing of some important railways. 主语 系动词 表语2）The city will become rich.主语 系动词 表语在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：“变化”类：_.“感官”类: _.“持续”类：_. 其他：（似乎）_ _ (证明是)_1你的故事听起来很有趣。_.2把鱼放在冰箱里，否则它会变坏的。_.3这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。_.4这个计划证明是可行的。_.2主语 + 谓语1）Building has started.主语 谓语2）The train leaves at 7:40.主语 谓语_搭配：The teacher teaches well. The child walks very slowly._搭配：The girl looked at the picture. The children ran to the forest.5我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱，鱼儿在池塘里自由的嬉戏，我玩得也高兴. _.3主语 + 谓语 + 宾语1）The boss employed five more workers.主语 谓语 宾语2）My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.3）Few students like taking exams.4）He forgot to close the door.5）I hope I can speak English fluently. 6他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。_.7他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。_.8他许诺给我一个礼物。_.4主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语1）He has fetched us some new textbooks.主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语2）Grandma cooked us a nice meal.主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语3）The man told the girl that he wants to test her the subject.4）The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.可接双宾语的常见动词有：ask, answer, give, offer, send, bring,