初三英语专题复习二 名词【考点解析】一、名词的复数:1.名词变复数的规则形式1).一般情况下直接加s book-books cup-cups2).以辅音字母+y结尾的，先变y为i再加es . city-cities family-families 3).以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es . bus-buses wish-wishes watch-watches4).以o结尾的多数加S 初中阶段只有三个单词加es . tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes hero-heroes5).以f、fe 结尾的，先把f、fe变v 再加es . leaf-leaves self-selves shelf-shelves life-lives thief-thieves2.少数名词的复数形式是不规则的 man-men woman-women child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice3.单数和复数形式相同 deer-deer fish-fish sheep-sheep Chinese -Chinese Japanese-Japanese4.某国人的复数1). 中、日不变。Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese2). 英、法变。 Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen3). 其余s加后面。 American -Americans German-Germans Australian-Australians二、不可数名词：1.不可数名词：1).不能直接用数字表数量 2).不能直接加a或an 3).没有复数形式 4).可用some、any 、lots of、plenty of 、much 修饰 5).可用“量词短语”表示2.不可数名词的数量的表示方法： a / 数字+ 量词 + of + 不可数名词a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of milk三、名词的所有格：1. s 所有格。1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，这时只在最后一个名词后加“s.” This is _(Mary and Lily) bedroom .2). 1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时，这时分别在每个名词后加“s.” These are _(Tom and Jack ) school bags .3).以s结尾的名词，变所有格时在s后加“”,不以s 结尾的复数名词，仍加“s” Teachers Day Childrens Day4).表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加 s 代表全称。 at the doctors at the Bobs5).由some、any、no、every与one、body 结合的复合不定代词something 、anything 等和else 连用时，所有格应加在else的后面。 This is _(somebody else ) pencil .6).表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可在词尾加s 来构成所有格。 an hours ride two weeks time Chinas capital2.of 所有格：1).of 用来表示无生命的名词所有格。 the map of China the door of the room2).双重所有格： of + 名词所有格 of + 名词性的物住代词 He is a friend of my _(brother ) . Is she a daughter of _(you)?四、名词作句子成分：1.名词作主语1).表示时间、金钱、距离作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Two hours _(be) enough for us to get there .2).量词短语“数字+量词+ of +”作主语时，谓语动词应与量词保持一致。 A pair of shoes _(be) under the bed . Two pieces of paper _(be) on the desk .3).名词+介词（with、except 、along with .）+名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词保持一致。 The teacher with the students _(be) planting trees on the hill .4).短语“neithernor、eitheror、not onlybut also ”连接主语时，谓语动词实行就近原则。 Neither he nor I _ (be) a Frenchman .2.名词作定语：1).名词作定语时，一般用单数形式。 There is a shoe factory near the school .2).名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式。(sport ) The sports meeting will be held next week .3).man、woman 作定语表示性别时，man、woman随后面的名词单复数而变。 one man teacher two women teachers【链接中考】( ) 1. - Could you tell me how to remember new words quickly? - Yes, I think a _ tree can help you a lot.A. grammarB. equationC. punctuationD. vocabulary( ) 2. Lin Shuhao is one of the best basketball _ in NBA. A. actorsB. playersC. waitersD. writers( ) 3. - Wish you a pleasant journey! - Thanks! Ill give you a _ as soon as I arrive in Paris. A. ringB. handC. rideD. present( ) 4. We all know that paper burns in _.A. CO2 B. N2C. O2D. CO( ) 5. The _ action film has attracted millions of young people to the cinema.A. 130-minuteB. 130-minutesC. 130 minuteD. 130 minutes( ) 6. - Where can I buy some books, Simon?- Go to the _ in the shopping mall in Old Street. You will find many books there.A. restaurantB. bookshopC. cinemaD. library( ) 7. - Mr Li was sent to teach Chinese in an American high school last year.- Yes, I know. He told me he would never forget his pleasant _ while working there.A. experimentsB. expressionsC. experiencesD. explorations( ) 8. The people in western countries celebrate _ by making pumpkin lanterns and wearing special costumes with masks. A. ChristmasB. HalloweenC. Thanksgiving DayD. New Years Day( ) 9. Mr White, the principal, has made a great _ to the growth of the school. A. contributionB. progressC. inventionD. protection( ) 10. I am sure Cindy will be able to find the hotel - she has a pretty good _ of direction. A. ideaB. feelingC. experienceD. sense( ) 11. If I am wanted in the telephone, ask him to leave a _.A. messageB. letterC. diaryD. sentence( ) 12. - Do you have any _? - Yes, I like chess and drama best. A. jobsB. dutiesC. hobbiesD. problems( ) 13. - Which country is the Great Wall in? - Its in _. A. CanadaB. ChinaC. The USAD. Australia( ) 14. - I will buy you a new bike if you learn how to swim this summer. - Is that a _? Im sure Ill get the bike.A. chanceB. promiseC. trickD. treat( ) 15. - Shall we go _ on Sunday? I love water sports. - Thats a good idea. A. hi