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高中英语典型错误对比例析1. 这本书我已读了三遍。误:Ive read the book the third time.正:Ive read the book a third time.析:要表示数量或序数的增加, 在序数词前用不定冠词。又如:He ate a second pear. 他又吃了一个梨。2. 他在公共汽车后面追,并追上了。误:He ran after the bus, and could catch it.正:He ran after the bus, and was able to catch it.析:表示过去特定情况下的能力,可用 was (were) able to 而不能用 could, 不过这种差异在否定句中便不存在了。 如:He ran after the bus but wasnt able to couldnt catch it.3. 我正要上床睡觉,这时电话铃响了。误:I was about to going to bed when the telephone rang.正:I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.析:be about to do sth 是习语,其意为“正要做某事”,此处的about(有的词典认为是形容词)之后通常应接不定式,不接 to doing sth。3. 他接受过良好的教育。误:He accepted a good education.正:He received a good education.析:虽然在通常情况下,accept=接受,receive=收到,但并不是说汉语中所有的“接受”都可用 accept 来对译。4. 他做这事是偶然的,还是故意的?误:Did he do it on accident or by purpose?正:Did he do it by accident or on purpose?析:by accident 是习语,表示“偶然地”;on purpose 也是习语,表示“故意地”,注意两者介词的搭配不能混淆。5. 你怎么解释事故的原因?误:How can you account the accident?正:How can you account for the accident?析:account 用作动词时,表示“认为”,是及物动词;表示“解释”“说明”等,是不及物动词,若需后接宾语,通常借助介词 for。6. 不要杞人忧天。误:Dont across the bridge until you come to it.正:Dont cross the bridge until you come to it.正:Dont walk across the bridge until you come to it.析:across 是介词或副词(不是动词),cross 是动词。7. 你要想卖掉你的产品,你就得为此登广告。误:If you want to sell your product you must advertise for it.正:If you want to sell your product you must advertise it.析:advertise for sth (sb) 意为“登广告征求或寻找某物或某人”(此时 advertise 是不及物动词);若要表示“为登广告”或“登广告宣传”,advertise 是及物动词,其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语。8. 他建议我同他们一起去。误:He advised me going with them. 正:He advised me to go with them. 析:advise(建议)之后不能用不定式作宾语,但可接不定式的复合结构作宾语。注意这类句型的被动语态:You would be well advised to stay indoors. 你最好呆在家里。9. 气候变化会影响你的健康。误:The change in climate will effect your health.正:The change in climate will affect your health.析:affect 和 effect 两者都可以表示“影响”,但用作此义时,affect 是动词,而 effect 是名词。虽然 effect有时也用作动词,但它不表示“影响”,而表示“实现”“产生”等。10. 这些方法适用于英语学习。误:These methods apply to learn English. 误:These methods apply for learning English. 正:These methods apply to learning English. 析:apply 表示“适用”,通常为不及物动词,要表示“适用于”,通常用介词 to,不用 for。另外,因 to 是介词,所以其后接动词时用动名词。11. 如果你能告诉我一些情况,我将十分感激。误:Id appreciate very much if you would tell me something about it.正:Id appreciate it very much if you would tell me something about it.析:appreciate(感激)是及物动词,其后不能没有宾语。为方便记忆,可将I would appreciate it if.视为一个固定句型。12. 他安排我去机场迎接客人。误:He arranged me to meet the guests at the airport.正:He arranged for me to meet the guests at the airport.析:arrange(安排)后可接不定式作宾语,但习惯上却不接不定式的复合结构作宾语,遇此情况可在 arrange 后加介词 for(如上面的正句)或换成从句。如:He arranged that I (should) meet the guests at the airport.13. 小孩喜欢像糖果和玩具之类的东西。误:Children like such things like candy and toys.正:Children like such things as candy and toys.析:such. as 是固定搭配,不要受汉语影响将 as 换成like之类的词。14. 昨天早上我的朋友来看我时,我还在睡大觉。误:I was very asleep when my friend came to see me yesterday morning.正:I was fast sound asleep when my friend came to see me yesterday morning.析:要表示“睡得很熟”,asleep 习惯上不能用 very 修饰,而用 fast或 sound 来修饰。15. 他不为金钱和美女所动。误:He had no attraction for money and women.正:Money and women had no attraction for him.析:A has holds attraction for B这一结构表示的是“对B来说,A具有吸引力”,也就是说“A对B有吸引力或诱惑力”,即B喜欢A,而不是其相反。又如:Television has little attraction for me. 电视对我没什么吸引力。16. 她所谓生病只不过是避免见他的花招而已。误:Her illness is merely a device to avoid to see him. 正:Her illness is merely a device to avoid seeing him. 析:avoid后接动词时要用动名词,不能用不定式。又如:It was impossible to avoid being affected. 要想不受影响是不可能的。17. 他们在机场检查了所有行李。误:They examined all baggages at the airport. 正:They examined all baggage at the airport. 析:baggage 主要用于美国英语,英国英语中通常用luggage。两者都是“行李”的统称,不具体指一件行李,因此不可数,没有复数形式,也不与不定冠词或数词连用。18. 他知道她哭是因为他说的话。误:He knew she was crying because what he had said.正:He knew she was crying because of what he had said.析:一般说来,because 后接从句,because of后接名词或代词。但是由于 what he had said实质上相当于名词(the thing that he had said),所以其前应用 because of。顺便补充一句,一般说的 because 后接从句,通常是指没有引导词的句子,因为 because 已是从属连词,本身已是引导原因状语从句的引导词。19. 为了减肥,除正餐之外最好不要吃零食。误:In order to lose weight, youd not eat anything among meals. 正:In order to lose weight, youd not eat anything between meals. 析:原则上说,between 用于两者,among 用于三者或三者以上。但若表示三者当中每两者之间的关系时,要用between,而不用among。20. 听到这个好消息,孩子们都大笑起来。误:Hearing the good news, the children burst into laughing. 正:Hearing the good news, the children burst into laughter.正:Hearing the good news, the children burst out laughing.析:burst into 和 burst out 都可表示“突然进入某种状态或发生某种情况”,但前者通常后接名词,后者通常后接动名词。21. 难怪他们遇到那么大的麻烦。误:No wonder did they have so much trouble.正:No wonder (that) they had so much trouble.析:no wonder 后接 that 从句时(难怪,并不奇怪),其后的句子不用倒装。又如:No wonder (that) she didnt like it. 难怪她不喜欢这东西。注:该结构为 Its no wonder that.之省略,其中的 no 也可用 little, small 等代之,如:Small wonder that he was so tired. 难怪他那么累。Its no wonder you cant sleep when you eat so much. 你吃得太饱,自然睡不着。22. 很多人本来可以获救的却死了。误:A l
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