学问点： 现在完成时一.一般现在时用法：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果e.g.Yesterday I finished my homework, thathsavtoe sfianyis,hIed my homework now.过去已经开头始终连续到现在的动作或状态：强调连续e.g.I have lived here since 1990.二. 现在完成时的构成have/has+过去分词三. 现在完成时的四个基本句型确定句He has finished the work.一般疑问句Has he finished the work.否定句He has not finished the work.两回答Yes ,he has. / No,he hasn. t特殊疑问句What has he done.四. 在以下情形下用现在完成时（1） ）九词语 already 已经确定句中或句尾e.g. I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.yet 已经否定句和疑问句句尾e.g. I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet. ever 曾经 句中e.g.Have you ever seen pandas. never 从不 句中e.g. I have never been to Beijing. just 刚刚句中e.g.I have just done my work. before 以前句尾e.g.I have never been there before.so far到目前为止e.g.So far he has learnt 200 words. how long 多久e.g. How long have you lived here. how many times多少次 e.g. How many times has he been to Beijing.（2） ）两词组可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载havegone to去了某地 例： He has gone to Beijing去了北京 havebeen to去过某地 例： He has been to Beijing.去过北京 （3） ）两结构for two monthsfor +一段时间Jim has lived here for 2 months. since last year可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载since 3 years ago since 1990since he came heresince +过去点时间since +过去时态句子Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.He has been in China since he came here.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载（4） ）假如句子里面没有时间状语,汉语意思能够加“已经”,往往用现在完成时态.e.g. Have you lost your library book.你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？（5） ）现在完成时态仍常常用于以下句型可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载They have planted many trees in the last few years在.许多树.过去的几年,他们已经种了可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载This is the best book I have ever read这. 是我曾经读过的最好的一本书.It is the first time I have played the computer games这. 是我第一次玩电脑玩耍.五. 在现在完成时中,一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用e.g. He has bought the book for 3 year（s. 错）因 buy 这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的方法有五种： He has bought the book.去掉一段时间 for 3 years可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载 He bought the book 3 years ago变改 为一般过去时,使句子的意思不可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载 It s 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book.（改为固定句型 It is -since-） He has not bought the book for 3 years（. 改为否定句） He has had the book for 3 years.（用连续性动词 have 代替 buy）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载六.仍有其他一次性动词也是这种情形,可参照前面的五种方法改正,前四种改法都一样,第五种改法各不相同,举例如下：come/arrive/get to/reach be here可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载例： I have come here for 3 years（. leave/go be away错）改为： I have been here for 3 years.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载例： He has left for 3 hours.（错）改为： He has been away for 3 hours. begin/start be on可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载例：The film has begun for 3 minutes（.3 minutes. open be open / close be closed错）改为：The film has been on for可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载例： The shop has opened for 3 years错. 改为： The shop has been open for 3 years. die be dead可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载例：His father has died for 3 years.错 3 years.finish/end be over改为：His father has been dead for可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载例： He has finished the work for 3 days.错改为： The work has been over for 3 days join例： I have joined the army for 3 years（. 错）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载改为： I have been in the army for 3 years或. soldier for 3 years. buy /catch haveI have been a可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载e.g.I have bought the bike for 3 years（. years.错）改为： I have had the bike for 3可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载e.g.He has caught a cold for 3 days（. days. borrow keep错）改为： He has had a cold for 3可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载e.g. I have borrowed the book for 3 years（. for 3 years.错）改为：I have kept the book可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载仍有其它的归纳如下：break be brokenget up be upmarry be marriedbecome belose be lost七. 连续性动词和终止性动词连续性动词： 表示的动作是能连续的动作, 这种动作可以连续下去或产生长期的影响.如：learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live终止性动词：也叫非连续性动词,瞬时动词,一次性动词.表示的动作不能延续,即动作发生后马上终止,产生某种结果.在有了某种结果后,动作就不能再连续下去.如：leave ,start, set out ,arrive ,reach ,get to, begin, stop, shut, turn off, marry ,put ,put on, get up, wake, fall, join ,meet, receive, finish, end, complete ,become, come, go, die, open, close, break, give, jump ,buy, borrow八. 终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载He has died for three days（.连用）同步练习 ：单项选择题错,终止性动词 die 不能和一段时间 for three days可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载1，Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey whatshappenedtohim .A. knewB. have knownC.must knowD.will know2，Hehas beentoShanghai, hashe .A. alreadyB. neverC.everD. still3，HaveyoumetMr. Li？A. justB.agoC. beforeD. a moment ago4，The famous writerone new book in the past two year .A.iswritingB.waswritingC. wroteD. haswritten可编辑资料 - - - 欢