课时作业(二十一)选修Unit2Fitforlife.阅读理解A2021太原市高三年级模拟试题TheChineseDoctorWhoBeatthePlague(鼠疫)Inthewinterof1910, Dr.WuLientehsteppedoffatraininthenorthernChinesecityofHarbin.Hewastheretosolveamedicalmystery, atgreatpersonalrisk.Overthepastfewmonths, anunknowndiseasehadsweptalongtherailwaysofnortheastChina, killing99.9%ofitsvictims.TheQingImperialCourthadsenttheCambridgeeducatedDr.Wunorthtostoptheepidemic (流行病)WhenDr.WuarrivedinHarbinonDecember24, 1910, hecarriedlittleinthewayofmedicalinstrumentsandhadonlyoneassistant.OneofWusfirstactsuponarrivalwastosetupspecialquarantine (隔离) unitsandtoorderlockdownstostopinfectedpersonsfromtravelingandspreadingthedisease.Hehadteamscheckhouseholdsforpossiblecases, andevenmanagedtoconvinceauthoritiestocompletelyclosetherailwaysintheearlyweeksof1911.OfparticularconcernwastheupcomingChineseNewYearholiday, whichhadbecomeagreatannualmigrationofpeopletravelingacrossthecountrytoseetheirfamilies.ThankstoDr.Wusefforts, thenumberofplaguevictimsbegantodecrease, andbyMarch1, 1911, theepidemicwasfullycontained.Theplagueoutbreakof19101911lastednearlyfourmonths, affectedfiveprovincesandsixmajorcities, andaccountedforover60,000deaths.ItisclearthatwithoutthebraveanddecisiveactionstakenbyDr.Wuitcouldhavebeenmuchworse.Hadtheepidemicgoneunchecked, allowingholidayrailpassengerstospreadthediseasetotherestofChinacouldhavemeantacatastrophiclossoflifeandpossiblyaglobalhealthcrisis.InApril1911, Dr.WuchairedanInternationalPlagueConferenceinShenyang, attendedbyscientistsfrom11countriesincludingtheUnitedStates, JapanandFrance.TheypraisedDr.Wuforhishandlingofthe19101911outbreak.Foratime, Dr.Wuwastheworldsmostfamousplaguefighter, atitlehedefendedinfightingcholerainChinain1919, andareturnofplaguein1921.1WhatwasDr.Wusmissionin1910?ATotakepersonalrisks.BToendanepidemic.CToprovidemedicaleducation.DToinvestigatethenumberofvictims.2WhichofDr.Wusactsstoppedthediseasefromspreadingnationwide?ASettingupspecialquarantineunits.BCarryingmedicalinstrumentswithhim.CCheckinghouseholdsforpossiblecases.DConvincingauthoritiestoclosetherailways.3Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?AThediseaseworsenedafterMarch1, 1911.B60,000peoplewouldhavediedwithoutDr.Wusefforts.CTheworldwassavedfromamajorepidemicin1911.DAglobalhealthcrisisfollowedthe19101911outbreak.4WhatcanweknowaboutDr.Wufromthelastparagraph?AHecontinuedtofightepidemicsafter1911.BHewasinfectedwithcholerain1919.CHetraveledworldwidehostingconferences.DHeclaimedtheplaguewouldneverhappenagain.B2021开封市高三第一次模拟AndrewGreydoesntfitmostpeoplesideaofanastronomer.Heworksinacarrepairshop, notinalaboruniversity, yettheAustralianrepairmandiscoveredastarsystemhidingindatafromNASAsKeplerspacetelescope.Mr.Greyisoneofmillionsofcitizenscientistshelpingresearcherstoexpandcollectiveunderstanding.Forcenturies, onlyafewordinarypeoplehadbeencontributingtoscience, butadvancesintechnologyhavebroughtahigherlevelofdemocratization (民主化) toscience.“Thisisacollaborative (合作的) effortthatanyonecouldgetinvolvedin，”saysChrisLintott, anOxfordUniversityastrophysicist (天体物理学家) andcofounderofZooniverse, aplatformthathostsdozensofcitizenscienceprojects.Citizenscientistscancontributetobreakthroughsinalmostanyfield, fromecologytoastrophysics.“Aslongaspatternrecognitionisinvolved, therearenolimitstowhatcanbecomeacitizenscienceproject，”Lintottsays.“Anyonecanidentifypatternsinimages, graphs, orevenseeminglyboringdataafterashorttutorial.Machinelearningallowscomputerstodosomepatternrecognition.Buthumans, particularlyamateurscientists, dontstayfocusedonwhattheyresupposedto.Andthatsgood, becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset.”“Andcitizensciencedoesnthavetobedirectedbyascientist，”saysSheilaJasanoff, directoroftheProgramonScience, TechnologyandSocietyatHarvardUniversity.“Citizensproducingknowledgeinplaceswhereofficialorganshavefailedthemcanalsobecitizenscientists，”shesays.ThatswhathappenedinFlint, Michigan, whenalocalmotherstarteddrinkingwaterteststhatcausedabroaderinvestigationofleadlevels.Citizenpoweredresearchisasoldasscientificinquiry.Forcenturiesbeforesciencebecameprofessionalized, regularpeoplelookedforpatternsintheworldaroundthem.Despitealotofadvancedequipmentandcomputermodels, scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydaypeople.Asaprofessionalscientisthimself, Lintottsays, “Peoplethinkthatwereintelligent, butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp.”5Whatmadecitizenscientistsappear?AThehighlevelofscienceprojects.BThedevelopmentoftechnology.CThesupportofthegovernment.DThefoundationofZooniverse.6Whatisanadvantageofhumansinpatternrecognitioncomparedwithmachines?AHumanscanidentifypatternsmoreswiftly.BHumansfocustheirattentionondata.CHumanscanobserveuncommonthings.DHumanshavestrongeremotions.7WhatisLintottsattitudetowardscitizenscience?AFavorable.BCautious.CIndifferent.DDoubtful.8Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?ACitizenScientistsCanBeIntellig