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莪术含药血清抑制HSCs中Shh和Gli1表达的机制研究 冯藜枥+曹文富摘要研究莪術含药血清抑制活化的大鼠肝星状细胞(hepatic stellate cells,HSCs)中Hedgehog(Hh)信号通路关键因子Shh(sonic hedgehog),Gli1(glioma-associated oncogene homolog-1)表达的机制。清洁级SD大鼠均分2组,分别给予莪术水煎剂、生理盐水灌胃取血制备含药血清。体外培养大鼠HSCs,分为7组:空白组、模型组、Hh通路抑制剂组、莪术组、Hh通路抑制剂+莪术组、Hh通路激动剂组、Hh通路激动剂+莪术组。除空白组外,其余各组均给予100 gL-1瘦素诱导后,各组再予以相应药物干预24 h,经MTT法检测HSCs增殖情况,RT-PCR法检测Shh,Gli1的mRNA表达,Western blot法检测Shh,Gli1蛋白表达及免疫荧光法检测Gli1蛋白表达。经瘦素活化的大鼠HSCs中Shh,Gli1的mRNA和蛋白表达均显著上调(与空白组比较P0.01)。Hh通路抑制剂、莪术含药血清分别干预后,Shh,Gli1的mRNA和蛋白表达显著下调(与模型组比较P0.01)。莪术含药血清可通过抑制瘦素诱导活化的HSCs中Shh,Gli1的表达,参与Hh信号通路抑制HSCs的活化,发挥抗肝纤维化的作用。关键词 莪术; 肝星状细胞; Shh; Gli1; Hedgehog信号通路; 肝纤维化Abstract To explore the mechanism of Ezhu-containing serum in inhibiting the expression of sonic hedgehog(Shh) and glioma-associated oncogene homolog-1(Gli1) in hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) induced by leptin. Twenty sprague-dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (N=10), and given Ezhu-decoction and physiological saline by gavage for 10 days to prepare drug-containing serums. The HSCs during the exponential growth phase were divided into 7 groups: blank control group, model group, hedgehog pathway inhibitor(cyclopamine) group, Ezhu group, Ezhu and cyclopamine group, hedgehog pathway agonost(pumorphamine) group, Ezhu and purmorphamine group. HSCs were cultured in vitro and induced with 100 gL-1 leptin(except for the blank control group), then treated separately with the corresponding drugs for 24 hours. After the cells were collected, HSCs proliferation was detected using MTT colorimetric assay; the expressions of Shh and Gli1 were determined by PT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence, respectively. The expressions of Shh and Gli1 were significantly increased after the HSCs of rats were induced by leptin (compared with the blank control group, P0.01). After being interfered with Hh pathway inhibitor (cyclopamine) and Ezhu-containing serum, the expressions of Shh and Gli1 were decreased significantly(compared with the model group, P0.01). After Ezhu-containing serum was used to interfere the Hh pathway inhibitor group, the mRNA and protein expressions of Shh and Gli1 were decreased significantly(compared with the model group, P0.01). After Ezhu-containing serum was used to interfere the purmorphamine group, the mRNA and protein expressions of Shh and Gli1 decreased significantly(compared with the purmorphamine group, P0.01). Ezhu-containing serum plays an important role in inhibiting HSCs activation by taking part in hedgehog signaling pathway, so as to regulate the expression of Shh and Gli1 in leptin-induced HSCs and then inhibit liver fibrosis. Key words Ezhu; hepatic stellate cell; sonic hedgehog; glioma-associated oncogene homolog-1; hedgehog signaling pathway; hepatic fibrosis肝纤维化(hepatic fibrosis,HF)是肝组织慢性损伤后的修复反应,可进一步发展为肝硬化,甚至肝癌1-2。目前已经证实HF是可逆的3,但肝硬化却不可逆。因此,阻断和逆转肝纤维化具有重要的意义。HF主要由细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)异常增多和降解不足引起。活化的肝星状细胞(hepatic stellate cell,HSCs)是ECM的主要来源,其过度增殖是肝纤维化形成的关键4-5。抑制HSCs活化增殖,可促进ECM降解,从而逆转肝纤维化6-7。因此,抑制HSCs活化增殖已成为目前抗肝纤维化的主要策略8-9。研究表明,过度或持续激活的Hedgeheg(Hh)信号通路可促进HSCs的活化增殖,从而加速肝纤维化的进程,通过干预Hh信号通路抑制HSCs的活化增殖被认为是抗肝纤维化的潜在靶点10-11。目前临床上尚无明确有效的抗纤维化西药12,因此开发具有Hh阻断效应的中药具有重要意义。莪术在临床中常被用于防治肝纤维化,但目前对于莪术抗肝纤维化的基础研究,报道尚少。本实验通过观察莪术含药血清对活化的HSCs中Hh信号通路关键因子Shh,Gli1表达的影响,探讨莪术抗肝纤维化可能的作用机制。1 材料1.1 动物 SPF级SD大鼠20只(雌雄各半),体重180220 g,由重庆医科大学实验动物中心提供,动物许可证号SYXK(渝)2012-0001。采用随机数字表法将大鼠分为空白组、莪术组,每组10只,进行灌胃实验。1.2 细胞 大鼠肝星状细胞由重庆医科大学附属第二医院消化科提供。1.3 药物 莪术饮片购自重庆医科大学附属第一医院药房,莪术经重庆医科大学中医药学院曹文富教授鉴定,符合2015年版中国药典规定标准。生理盐水购自重庆医科大学附属第一医院。1.4 试剂与器材 兔抗鼠Shh多克隆抗体(BIOSS公司,货号bs-1544R,规格0.1 mL);兔抗鼠Gli1多克隆抗体(Santa Cruz公司,货号sc-20687,规格200 mgL-1);瘦素(PeproTech公司,货号400-21-1000,规格200 g);Hh通路抑制剂(Cyclopamine,Selleck公司,货号S3042,规格10 mg);Hh通路激动剂(Purmorphamine,Selleck公司,货号S1146,规格5 mg);逆转录试剂盒(Toyobo公司);倒置相差显微镜(型号CXX41,Olympus);核酸蛋白分析仪(BECKMAN DU640);PCR仪(Applied Biosy Stems);SDS-PAGE凝胶试剂盒(碧云天生物公司);CO2细胞孵箱(Thermo);超净工作台(AIRTECH);HH-W600型恒温水浴锅(江苏荣华仪器制造有限公司)。2 方法2.1 药物制备 莪术的临床人用剂量为0.25 gkg-1,按“动物与人体的千克体质量折算系数表”成人与大鼠的折算系数为6.25,换算成SD大鼠的临床剂量作为低剂量,按照该剂量的2,4倍分别为中、高剂量,本实验选择高剂量6.25 gkg-1为大鼠灌胃剂量。2.2 含药血清制备 20只SPF级SD大鼠随机分为2组(每组10只):空白组、莪术组。各组均按10 mLkg-1d-1的浓度给药,每天1次,连续10 d,最后1次灌胃2 h后水合氯醛麻醉,无菌条件下心脏采血。血液静置于4 冰箱过夜,离心(3 000 rmin-1,10 min)后收集含药血清。水浴灭活(56 ,30 min),0.22 m滤器过滤收集的含药血清。2.3 细胞培养 HSCs在5%CO2,37 的细胞培养箱中用含10%胎牛血清的改良型1640培养液中培养。定期观察细胞生长情况,根据生长状态进行换液,当细胞生长至密度达到80%90%时传代。2.4 细胞干预 倒置显微镜下观察细胞生长至80%90%融合率后,用0.25%胰酶消化,进行实验。实验分为7组:空白组、模型组、Hh通路抑制剂组、莪术组、Hh通路抑制剂+莪术组、Hh通路激动剂组、Hh通路激动剂+莪术组。空白组予以含10%正常鼠血清的1640培养基;模型组予以含100 gL-1瘦素和10%正常鼠血清的1640培养基;Hh通路抑制剂组予以含20 molL-1 Hh通路抑制剂、10%正常鼠血清及100 gL-1瘦素的1640培养基;莪术组予以含10%莪术含药血清和100 gL-1瘦素的1640培养基;Hh通路抑制剂+莪术组予以含20 molL-1 Hh通路抑制剂、10%莪术含药血清及100 gL-1瘦素的1640培养基;Hh通路激动剂组予以含1 molL-1 Hh通路激动剂、10%正常鼠血清及100 gL-1瘦素的1640培养基;Hh通路激動剂+莪术组予以含10%莪术含药血清、1 molL-1 Hh通路激动剂及100 gL-1瘦素的1640培养基。各组细胞在37 ,5%CO2培养箱中培养 24 h后收集细胞。 2.5 MTT法检测HSCs增殖活性 HSCs按1105个/mL接种于96孔板,每孔100 L,分为7组,每组6个复孔。在37 ,5% CO2培养箱
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