国际货物运输从运输渠道方面考察1.水路运输（海洋运输、内河运输）2.陆路运输（铁路、公路）3.航空运输货物方面考察1.散件货物运输2.集装箱货物运输班轮运输shippingbyliner租船运输shippingbycharter程租船期租船特点运费1.“四固定”：航线固定停靠港口固定船期固定费率也相对固定2.对货种、货量不作限制3.船公司负责配载、装卸货物，装卸费包括在运费中4.托运人和承运人的权利义务班轮提单条款为依据依据：班轮公司的班轮运价表LinersFreightTariff构成：班轮运费=基本运费+附加费装卸费包括在运费中基本运费计算方式1.W：按货物毛重计算，基本运费=重量吨（公吨）rW2.M：按货物尺码计算，基本运费=尺码吨（立方米）rM重量吨（W.T.)和尺码吨(M.T.)统称为运费吨F.T.3.W/M：基本运费4.=maxW，M=maxWTrW，MTrM5.或rFTmax重量，尺码4.A.V.：按货物的价格计算，基本运费=货物价值百分比（拉丁文advalorem，意即“从价”。）附加费计算方式1.基本运费常数%2.货物运费吨价格/运费吨租船合同航线、港口、船期租金运费装卸费用装卸时间滞期费、速谴费运费率货物数量整船包价LinertermsF.O.freeoutF.I.freeinF.I.O.freeinandout例题2.1.1班轮运输的特点1. “四固定”：航线固定停靠港口固定船期固定费率也相对固定2. 对货种、货量不作限制3. 船公司负责配载、装卸货物，装卸费包括在运费中4. 托运人和承运人的权利义务班轮提单条款为依据2.1.2班轮运输的运费依据：班轮公司的班轮运价表LinersFreightTariff构成：班轮运费=基本运费+附加费基本运费计算方式：1.W：按货物毛重计算，基本运费=重量吨（公吨）rW2.M：按货物尺码计算，基本运费=尺码吨（立方米）rM重量吨（W.T.)和尺码吨(M.T.)统称为运费吨F.T.3.W/M：基本运费=maxW，M=maxWTrW，MTrM4.A.V.：按货物的价格计算，基本运费=货物价值百分比（拉丁文advalorem，意即“从价”。）附加费计算方式：附加费=基本运费百分比例：某轮船公司班轮运价表规定的货物分级表如下：货名计算标准等级农机（包括拖拉机）W/M9未列名豆W3钟及零件M10五金及工具W/M10人参AV/M20玩具M11班轮运价表规定由中国口岸至东非主要港口的费率如下：等级运费（HKD）123491011477.0020AV2.9%现有工具100箱,每箱0.45立方米,每箱毛重为580公斤,试计算该批货物运往东非某主港口的运费(燃料附加费40%，港口拥挤费10%)。运费计算步骤第1步按货物名称查出运费计算方式、费率等级：工具的运费计算方式是W/M，费率等级是10；第2步按费率等级等级查出费率rFT：10级rFT第3步基本运费=max0.58443，0.45443100=25694第4步附加运费=25694(40%+10%)=12847第6步运费=25694+12847=HKD38541返回程租船与期租船的比较租赁基础程租船航程期租船期限双方权利义务依据程租船合同期租船合同货物及船舶管理船方负责租方负责租金按货量/航次计算租期装卸期限装卸费用 规定不规定2.2航空运输1. 营运方式1.1班机运输transportbyscheduledairline1.2包机运输transportbycharteredcarrier整架包机(单个托运人)，部分包机(多个托运人)1.3集中托运consolidationAirforwarder将多个托运人的货组成一整批货再向航空公司托运1.4航空急件传送airexpressservices2.运费1重量公斤=1公斤；1尺码公斤=6000立方厘米运费=rmax重量公斤，尺码公斤=rmax重量公斤，长宽高(厘米)6000米，每箱毛重55公斤。武汉意大利米兰航空运价：人民币35元/公斤，试计算航空运费。航空运费计算重量公斤=55公斤尺码公斤=508090厘米6000立方厘米=60运费=35max55，605=RMB105002.3运输单据2.3.1海运提单BillofLadingB/L一、含义：海运提单是船公司或代理收到托运货物时签发给托运人的书面凭证。二、海运提单的性质和作用1、是承运人或代理在收到托运货物时签发给托运人的货物收据（receiptforthegoods）；2、是货物所有权的凭证（documentoftitle）3、是承运人与托运人之间的运输契约的证明（evidenceforthecontractofcarriage）三、海运提单的基本当事人基本当事人：签发提单时提单上载明的当事人。1、承运人Carrier船方 船舶所有人租船人（租用船舶经营运输业务的人）信用证项下的提单，必须是具名的承运人或其代理人签发的提单。2、托运人shipper/consignor 信用证项下提单上的托运人，通常是信用证的受益人，也可以是受益人以外的第三者。 3、收货人consignee 收货人一栏，通常称为提单的抬头。信用证项下提单，通常是空白抬头。4、被通知人Notify Party 因为提单是空白抬头，没有具体收货人的名称、地址，所以提单必须要有被通知人的记载，以便承运人将到货的情况通知被通知人，被通知人再转告提货人。 信用证项下提单的被通知人，通常是申请人或申请人指定的外运代理人。提单实例1/3PANAMERICANCONTAINERCORP.COMBINEDTRANSPORTBILLOFLADINGNOTNEGOTIABLEUNLESSCONSIGNEDTOORDERSHIPPER/EXPORTER KAYBE MACHINE COMPANY 1140 OLD DURHAM ROAD, PO BOX 980 ROXBORO N.C. 25735 U.S.A.CONSIGNEE(COMPLETE NAME & ADDRESS) TO ORDERNOTIFY PARTY (COMPLETE NAME & ADDRESS)NOTIFY:CHINA NATIONAL FOREIGN TRADE TRANSPORTATION CORP. WUHAN BRANCH322 SHUILI RD., QINGNIAN AVENUE, WUHANPRE-CARRIAGE BYPLACE OF RECEIPT BY PRE-CARRIERVESSEL FLAGCHAO HE VOY. 60WPORT OF LOADINGNEW YORK, U.S.A.PORT OF DISCHARGEWUHAN, CHINAPLACE OF DELIVERY ON-CARRIERDOCUMENT NO.EXPORT REFERENCEFORWARDER REF. NO.SHIPPERS REF NO,FOWARDING AGENT, FMC NO.POINT AND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN OF MERCHANDISEFOR CARGO ARRIVAL AND INFORMATION APPLY TOPIER/TERMINALTYPE OF MOVE ORIGINAL提单实例2/3PARTICULAR FURNISHIED BY SHIPPERMARKS AND NUMBERDESCRIPTION OF PACKAGES AND GOODSGROSSWEIGHTMEASURENo。OFPKGSORCNTNERS89FGQM404-3008CKWUHANCHINA120FTFREIGHTPREPAIDCONTAINERNO._,SEAL#_CONTAINERSAIDTOCONTAIN:16PACKAGES3780LBSPAN AMERICAN CONTAINER CORP.MAY 15 1990ON BOARDTOTAL NUMBER OF CONTAINERS OR OTHER PACKAGESRECEIVED BY THE CARRIER(IN WORDS)提单实例3/3LIMITATION ON CARRIERS LIABILITY/SHIPPERS AD VALOREM OPTION. The carrier shall in no event be liable for any loss or damage to or in connection with the transportation of Goods in an amount exceeding us $500 per package, or in the case of goods not shipped in packages per customary freight unit, or the equivalent of that sum in other currency unless the nature and higher value of such goods have been declared by the shipper before shipment and inserted in the Bill of lading. If the Merchant desires to be covered for valuation in excess of said US$500 per package or customary freight unit or any other applicable limitation, the Merchant must so stipulate in this Bill of Lading and such additional liability only will be assumed by the Carrier upon payment of the Carriers ad valorem freight charge. See c1.12 hereofDeclared Value_Read Clause 12 hereofconcerning extra freight and Carriers limitation of liabilityFreight and ChargesPayable at:Hazardous Cargo See Clauses, 7 &8 hereofRECEIVED BY PAN AMERICAN CONTAINER CORP. the goods, or the containers, vans, trailers, palletized units or other packages said to contain the goods herein mentioned, in apparent outward good order and condition unless otherwise indicated to be transported and delivered or transshipped herein provided.The receipt, custody, carriage, delivery and transshipping of the goods are subject to the terms appearing on the face and back hereof, as well as the provisions contained in the filed freight tariff.In witness whereof the carrier by its agent has signed 3 Bills of lading, all of the same tenor and date, one of which being a