考研英语真题 阅读理解试题及名师解析(14) 考研英语真题：阅读理解试题及名师解析(14) The Supreme Courts decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering。 Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of double effect, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effectsa good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseenis permissible if the actor intends only the good effect。 Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient。 Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death. George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. Its like surgery, he says. We dont call those deaths homicides because the doctors didnt intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If youre a physician, you can risk your patients suicide as long as you dont intend their suicide. On another level, many in the medical munity acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modem medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying。 Just three weeks before the Courts ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying as the twin problems of end-of-life care。 The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life。 Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering, ”to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse。” He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear . that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are inpetently managed and should result in license suspension。” 36. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that Adoctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients pain。 Bit is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives。 Cthe Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide。 Dpatients have no constitutional right to mit suicide。 37. Which of the following statements its true aording to the text? ADoctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients death。 BModern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery。 CThe Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed。 DA doctors medication is no longer justified by his intentions。 38. Aording to the NASs report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is Aprolonged medical procedures。 Binadequate treatment of pain。 Csystematic drug abuse。 Dinsufficient hospital care。 39. Which of the following best defines the word “aggressive (line 3, paragraph 7)？ ABold. BHarmful. CCareless. DDesperate。 40. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they Amanage their patients inpetently。 Bgive patients more medicine than needed。 Creduce drug dosages for their patients。 Dprolong the needless suffering of the patients。 名师解析 36. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that 从前三段我们得知 A doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients pain。 医生过去常常增加药物剂量来控制病人的病痛。 B it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives。 医生帮助病危者结束生命仍然是违法的。 C the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide。 最高法院强烈反对医助自杀。 D patients have no constitutional right to mit suicide。 病人没有宪法赋予的自杀权利。 【答案】 B 【考点】 事实细节题。 37. Which of the following statements is true aording to the text? 根据文章，下面哪一个说法是正确的？ A Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients death。 如果医生冒病人生命的危险，他们将被判有罪。 B Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery。 现代医学已经帮助晚期病人进行无痛康复。 C The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relievi