第1页/共8页第 1 讲 A land of diversity 词汇篇_1.熟练掌握重点单词及其用法；能够熟练运用重点短语和句型。一. 重点词汇1. distinction n. 差别；区分；卓著常用结构：make a distinction between 对 加以区分win a distinction for 因 而获功勋without distinction 无差别地；一视同仁地拓展 : distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的be distinct in .from . 在某方面与 不同He has a distinct gift for drawing. 他有很明显的绘画天赋。You should make your writing distinct. 你应该把字写清楚。2. means n. 手段；方法（单数和复数形式相同）常用结构：by means of 用 办法；借助 by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以by no means 决不，一点也不（位于句首时，句子用部分倒装）by every means 用尽一切可能的办法易混辨析means/way/method means指“ 方法、方式、工具” ，着重于具体的手段（单复数形式相同）。way指“ 一般的方法、方式或个人的特殊方法、方式” ，与技巧或效果的好坏无关。method指“ 有系统的、有效率的精心拟定的方法” ，也可以指抽象概念“ 条理 ” 。a way to do sth. a way of doing sth./a method of doing sth. 做 的方法in this way/with the method/by this means 用这种些方法by the way 顺便问一下on one s way to . 在去 的路上in the way 挡住路注意 : means作主语且有 every， each等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some， several， many， few等词第2页/共8页修饰时，谓语动词用复数。Radio and television are important means of communication. 无线电和电视是重要的通信手段。Please find an alternative means of transport. 请另外找一种运输方式。Every means has been tried. 每种方法都试过了。All means have been tried. 所有方法都试过了。She could not speak， but made her wishes known by means of signs. 她不会说话，但她用手势表达了她的愿望。3. majority n. 大多数；大半A/The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health. 大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。The majority was/were in favour of the proposal. 多数人赞成这个建议。常用结构：be in the/a majority 构成大部分 /大多数a majority over sb. 超过对方的票数拓展 : major adj.&n. 较大的；主要的；主修，专攻minority adj.&n.少数；少数民族；未成年4. occur vi. 发生；存在；出现常用结构 : occur to (主意或想法突然)浮现于脑中；被想起，被想到it occurs to sb. to do sth. 使某人想到做某事it occurs to sb. that . 某人想到 Just then an idea occurred to me. 就在那时我想起了一个主意。It suddenly occurred to me that I had left my umbrella upstairs.我突然想到我把伞忘在楼上了。易混辨析happen/occur/take place happen是一般用语，尤其指偶然发生，表示“ 碰巧、恰好 ” 的意思。occur 文言意味较浓，常指某特定事物的发生，也可以表示某种想法出现在人的头脑中。take place 指事先计划或预料到的“ 发生 ” ，此外还有 “ 举行 ” 的意思。New things are happening all around us. 新事物在我们周围不断发生。The explosion occurred at 5:30 a.m. 爆炸发生在早上5点30分。When will the basketball game take place? 篮球赛何时举行？5. Indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite. 我问他我姐姐在哪，他指了指对面的商店。Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women. 研究显示男人比女人更容易戒烟。第3页/共8页常用结构：indicate sth. (to sb.) 向（某人）表示某事；把 指给（某人）看indicate that .表示 ；示意 拓展 : indication n. 指出；表明indicative adj. 指示的；暗示的二. 重点词组6. live on 继续存在；继续生存She lived on for many years after her husband died. 丈夫死后她继续活了许多年。拓展 : live on sth. 以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活live by doing sth. 靠做某事为生live for sth. 以某事物为生活目标live through sth. 经历某事物而幸存live up to sth. 依照某事物行事；表现出符合某事物的标准live with sth. 接受或容忍某现象live to be. = live to the age of. 活到 岁live a. life 过着 的生活7. team up with （与某人）一起工作（尤指为共同目标）；与 合作The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car. 那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。8. mark out 划线；标出 的界线They marked out the tennis court with white paint. 他们用白漆标出了网球场的界线。Some of the best pupils have been marked out for special training. 已经选出几名出色的学生进行专门训练。拓展 : mark sb. out for sth. 选出 /选定某人做某事mark down 写下，记下；降低 的价格mark up 标出；提高 的价格mark in 加画；绘入mark out for 看中；选定Just a moment. Let me mark down your name and address. 等一下，让我把你的姓名和地址记下来。Some shops marked up the goods unfairly. 有几家商店的货价提高得不合理。He marked the book down to 49 cents. 他把书的标价降为49分。9. take in 包括；吸收；接纳；欺骗The students find it easy to take in what you teach. 学生们发现你讲课很容易理解。He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to take him in. 他没地方可以睡觉，于是我们就提出让他留宿。拓展 : 第4页/共8页take apart 拆开；剖析，抨击(论点等 ) take down 拿下，取下；拆卸；记下take back 取回，带回；收回说过的话；使 回忆起昔日take care of 照料；保管take up 开始从事；占用(时间或空间 )；着手处理take it easy 别紧张，慢慢来take over 继承；接收，接管take off 脱下 (衣服等 )；起飞take on 承担，从事；呈现take one s place 入座；代替某人的位置take one s time 不急，慢慢干三. 重点句子10. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California， no one really knows. 最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。what we now know as California 是一个由 what引导的名词性从句，作arrive in的宾语，what是复合关系代词，相当于the thing(s) that 。因此，在名词性从句中可以用the thing(s) that取代的，只能用what。拓展 : 名词性从句中 what与 that的区别： that在名词性从句中不作句子成分，what必须作句子成分。名词性从句中 what与 which的区别： 指代前文已经提到过的对象或范围时，用which，否则用 what。What he said sounds reasonable. 他说的听起来有道理。(what作said的宾语 ) That our team has won the game has been proved. 已经证实我们队赢得了比赛。(that在主语从句中不作句子成分 ) There are many books available. I don t know which to read. 有许多书可供阅读，但我不知道读哪一本。 (which指的是前文提到的books中的一本 ) What book do you want to buy? 你想买哪种书？(没有提及买什么书或哪一类书) 1. (2019 北京高考 ) There are still many problems _ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon . A. solvingB. solvedC. being solvedD. to be solved 2. (2019 湖南高考 ) As you go through this book， you will find that each of the millions of people who lived World War had a different experience.3. (2019 安徽高考 )-I get at least half an hour of exercise almost everyday.-Oh great! .A. Good luckB. Cheer upC. Same to youD. Keep it up4. (2019 陕西高考 )Peter will take his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month .A. Take upB. put upC. add upD. break up第5页/共8页5. (2019 山东潍坊高二下)Now a lot of new technologies can be applied to (solve) proble