2022年广东在职攻读硕士联考考试真题卷（本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。）单位： 姓名： 考号： 题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分分值 得分 一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1. In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called classical conditioning. This occurs when one event or stimulus is continuously followed by a reward or punishment. It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mothers face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion. The second kind of learning is called operant (动作的) conditioning. This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more. How can a mother help the baby to cry lessACuddle the baby until he is quiet.BLeave the baby alone.CDo not always attend to the baby.DTeach the baby not to cry.2. Regular child care provided outside home or by someone other than the mother does not in itself undermine healthy emotional connections between mothers and their 15-month-old infants, according to a long-term national study. The finding holds even if care begins during the first 3 months after birth and runs for 30 hours or more per week. Among infants who receive unkind and unresponsive care from their mothers, however, the mother-child relationship may be damaged. This research helps us put apart complexities regarding child care that have not previously been studied in detail, contends Jay Belsky, a psychologist. The investigation consists of 1,153 children and their families living in or near Boston. The youngsters, no more than I month old when they entered the study in 1991, will be tracked until the age of 7. Experimenters administered questionnaires to mothers in their homes and videotaped baby caretakers interacting with the kids at ages 1,6, and 15 months. Independent observers rated the quality of each child care efforts and noted infant nervousness. Unlike most previous studies, this one allows researchers to observe each caretakers personality at child nursing, and kids emotional reaction by the equipment. Which of the following is not TRUE of the investigationAIt will last at least 7 years.BCooperation from the mothers is also necessary.CSome independent observers play a part.DResearchers paid site visits to see a caretakers personality and kids emotional reaction.3.AQuiet student offeredroom in private house.Share bath and kitchen.$ 50 weekly excludinggas/electricityBProfessional ouple, 3 children,2, 4 and 6, offer single room,rent-free, to student willing tobaby-sit 3 evenings weekly,occasional weekends. Live as family.CDouble room suitable 2 students sharing.Cooking facilities, share bathroom.Non-smokers only.$ 70 each weekly, excluding gas/electricity.DTeacher going on 3-month study courseabroad willing to let comfortably furnishedflat in prestige block to responsiblestudents. 2 double bedrooms, I single. Useof garden.Rent $ 70 each, weekly, inclusive.No late parties.INTERESTED CONTACT: Joan Benson, student accommodation officer.Room 341 Moff Building. Fri. 10: 00 a. m. 5: 00 p. m.The flat offered in ad D _.Ais expensively furnishedBis on the first floorCcan only accommodate four peopleDis only available for a short period4. Successful innovations have driven many older technologies to extinction and have resulted in higher productivity, greater consumption of energy, increased demand for raw materials, accelerated flow of materials through the economy and increased quantities of metals and other substances in use per person. The history of industrial development is full of examples. In 1870, horses and mules were the prime source of power on U. S. farms. One horse or mule was required to support four human beingsa ratio that remained almost constant for many decades. At that time, had a national commission been asked to forecast the horse and mule population for 1970, its answer probably would have depended on whether its consultants were of an economic turn of mind. Had they been economist