本文格式为Word版，下载可编辑2022考研英语阅读理解强化练习及解析27 20xx理解强化练习及解析（27）A history of longand effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, itmay become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowingperiod after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight timeslarger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies ofscale. Its scientists were the world s best, its workers the most skilled.America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans andAsians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as othercountries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance provedpainful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over theirfading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such asconsumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreigncompetition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith.Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market America smachine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though themaking of semiconductors, which America had which sat at the heart of the newcomputer age, was going to be the next casualty。All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped takingprosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing businesswas failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall aswell. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes ofAmerica s industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filledwith warnings about the growing competition from overseas。How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back onfive years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americansattribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or theturning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. Americanindustry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be morequick-witted, according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard s KennedySchool of Government,It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businessesare improving their productivity, says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank inWashington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believesthat people will look back on this period as a golden age ofbusiness management in the United States。11. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War because_。Ait had made painstaking efforts towards this goalBits domestic market was eight times larger than beforeCthe war had destroyed the economies of most potentialcompetitorsDthe unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus toits economy12. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980sis manifested in the fact that the American_。ATV industry had withdrawn to its domestic marketBsemiconductor industry had been taken over by foreignenterprisesCmachine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actionsDauto industry had lost part of its domestic market13. What can be inferred from the passage?AIt is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride。BIntense competition may contribute to economic progress。CThe revival of the economy depends on international cooperation。DA long history of success may pave the way for furtherdevelopment。14. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy inthe 1990s can be attributed to the_。Aturning of the business cycleBrestructuring of industryCimproved business managementDsuccess in education 4 / 4