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The Great Wall is in the north of China介词(一)介词的定义与分类: 介词又叫前置词,是一种虚词。 介词分为两种,一种是简单介词,如at, in, on, beside, to , for等;另一种是介词短语,如in front of, because of, out of, instead of等.(二)介词的句法功能 介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成 介词短语在句中充当一个成份,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件 等之间的关系。 1、作定语:The book on the table is mine.2、作状语:We have breakfast at seven.(表时间) They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.(表原因);They started the machine by pressing the button.(表方法)3、作表语:My dictionary is in the bag. 4、作宾语补足语:I found him in the office.(三)主要介词的区别1、表示时间的at, in, on:at 表示具体的时间点,如:at 8 oclock, at lunch, at Christmas inon 表示具体的某一天, 如: on June 17, on Sunday morning, on a rainy evening, ect. 表示较长的一段时间, 用于年,月, 季节 ,每天的早,午,晚前,如: in the morning, in 2009, in June in summer, ect.2、表示时间的since和for: Since 表示从过去到现在的一段时 间,后接具体的过去时间 / 句子, 常与现在完成时连用。 for表示一段时间,后接时间的总量,可与多种时态连用。如:We havent seen each other since 1995. We will stay here for two months.两者都表示“在之后, in表示“在(一段时间)之后”,与将来时态连用,after则与过去时连用;3、表示时间的in和after: 如: Well be back in three days. She went to work early after breakfast. 4、表示地理位置的in, on, to:in表示在此范围内,on指与毗邻,to指在此范围之外。如:Changchun is in the northeast of China.Mongolia is on the north of China.Japan is to the east of China.5、表示“在上”的on和in:on只表示在某物的表面上,而用in表示占去某物一部分。 如:There is a book on the desk.There is an interesting article in the newspaper.He dug a hole in the wall.6、表示“穿过”的through和across:through表示从内部通过,与in 有关;across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过,与on有关。如: Water flows through the pipe.The old man walked across the street.7、表示“关于”的about 和on:两者都有“关于”的意思,不过前者为一般用词,而后者为较正式。如:He came to tell me about something important.He wrote a book on science.8、表示“在之中”的between, among: between表示两者之间, among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如:You are to sit between your father and me. He is always happy among his classmates. 9、besides, except, but, except for:besides指“除了还有,再加上”。如:All went out besides me. except指“除了,减去什么”,不能放在句首。如:All went out except me. but 与except意思近似,表示“除了外”经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。如: I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper. except for表示“如无就,只是”表明理由细节。如:His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 10、表示“用”的in和with: 表示工具的“使用”,用with,表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的“使用”,用in。如:He is writing a letter with a pen. He wrote the letter in pencil. Read the text in a loud voice. Tell me the story in English.11、as, like:as表示“作为”、“以地位或身份”、“照一样”如:Let me speak to you as a father. (事实上是父亲)If you want to be the best, please do as what I said.like表示“象一样”如:Let me speak to you like a father.(事实上不是父亲)12、in front of 和in the front of:in front of = before, “在前面”(不在某物内);in the front of则是 “在的前部”(在某物内)。如:There is a desk in front of the blackboard.The boy sat in the front of the car.13、in the end, at the end of, by the end of: in the end作“最后”、“终于”解,可单独使用,但后不接介词of; at the end of 表示“在末梢”,“到尽头”,既可指时间,也可以指地上或物体; by the end of 作“在结束时”,“到末为止”解,只能指时间。如: 14、in, into: into表示动向,不表示目的地或位 置。如:We walked into the park. in通常表示位置。如:We walked in the park;in和drop, fall, put, throw, break等终止性动词连用时,也可以表示动向。如:I have put the coin in (into) my pocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。
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