Chapter2Family&PersonalRelationships(1)Focalquestionsv1.WhatarethetraditionalexpectationsofmarriageinBritain?(Pp19,22,23)v2.HowdoyouvisualisethetypicalfamilyinmodernBritain?(Pp19)v3.WhatchangesinthefamilyandmarriagehaveoccuredsincetheSecondWorldWar?Whicharethemostsignificant?Howdoyouexplainthem?(Pp19,20,24,25,26)v4.Whatdoyouunderstandofthetermyouthculture?Canyougivesomespecificexamplesofyouthsubculturesorcults?Doallyouthsubcultureshavecertaincommonfeatures?(P21)A1TheFamilyvDiversefamiliesvNuclearfamilyvLone-parentfamilyvCohabitingcouplevCommon-law/defactomarriagevCivilpartnershipA1Familycont.vMarriage:halffail;ratelowestsincerecordsin1840vDivorce:ratehighestinEurope;1+child/4beforeage16divorceoftheirparentsvLoneparenting:increasedthree-foldinthelast20years,1/10familiesv4/10people:bornoutsidemarriagev1/10:cohabitinghttp:/www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=1865FamilysizevCompletefamilysizeof2kids:1/3womenvChildlessness:1/5womenvCauses:vFallinginfantdeathratesfellvTheexpenseofhavingchildrenvCareervs.childrenDarrenHayesSavageGardenDarrenonthecivilpartnershipceremonyvIcanhonestlysayitwasthehappiestdayofmylife,writesHayesofthecivilpartnershipceremony,whichtookplaceinLondon.Ifeelluckytoliveinanerawheremyrelationshipcanbeconsideredlegallylegitimate,andIcommendtheU.K.governmentforembracingthisverybasiccivilliberty.DarrenonthecivilpartnershipceremonyvBritainlegalizedcivilpartnershipsinDecember2005.vCivilPartnershipAct2004vSame-sexcouplesvhttp:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Partnership_Act_2004LondonvthemostpopularregionwithintheUKinwhichtoregisterapartnershipin2007vTheLondonBoroughofWestminstervBrightonandHoveUnitaryAuthorityhttp:/www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=1685LivinginBritainGeneralHouseholdSurvey2002http:/www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=1685LivinginBritainGeneralHouseholdSurvey2002A2YouthvYouth:anagegroup?vAsocialorganizationvThe1950s:abouttenyearsaftertheendofWWIIvAriseinthebirthratevMusic,films,fashionvYouthsubcultureteenagersA550YearsofChangevThe1950satimeofgreatchangesinfieldsofeconomy,culture,politics.vThe1960sadecadeofrebelliousyounggenerationofgreatexpectationA550YearsofChangevThe1970sadecadeofstrikesandrecessionvThe1980sadecadeofThatcherismvThe1990sadecadeofgreatexpectationA2Youth(1970s)YouthSubculturesvSubculture:aculturalgroupwithinalargercultureoftenhavingbeliefsorinterestsatvariancewiththoseofthelargerculture(COD)vAdistinctindividualstylecertainwaysofdressing,speaking,listeningtomusicandgatheringinsimilarplacesvThewayoflifevInevitableproductsofaffluentsocietyvToleave:usu.atthepointofmarriageA2YouthTeddyBoysvRocknRoll:blackorigin,whitemusicianslikeElvisvTeenagecultsvMusicoftheTeddyBoysorTedsvSlicked-backquiffsorDA(ducktail)haircutsvNarrowdrainpipetrousersvDrapejackets,fancyshirtsvBootlacetiesA2YouthTeddyBoys:CharacteristicsvGroup-mindednessareaffirmationoftraditionalworkingclassvaluesandthestrongsenseofterritoryvExtremetouchiness(over-sensitivity)toinsultsvConditionsforitsformationextensivewelfareprovision(socialsecurity,health,housing),EuropeaneconomicboomwithMarshallplan,abolishingofdraft,introductionofhirepurchasevDrasticalandfundamentalalterationoftheconceptoftheadolescentA2Youthcont.TeddyBoysinthe1950sA2Youthcont.TheBeatniksvThe“beat”movementintheUSinthe1950svRejectionoftraditionalmiddle-classAmericanvalues,customsvThe“Beatgeneration”beatitudevSputnik IvTheirvisualsymbols-jazz,poetry,marijuanna,theBeatlesvCounter-cultural,anti-materialistic,betteringtheinnerselfA2YouthBeatniks:CharacteristicsvExtremelypessimisticaboutfuture&possibilitiesofprogressvAspiredforfreedomandtheanguishofbeingalone,undecidedandseparatevNopopularityinBritainuntilmid-1960s;theHippiesvTheSimpsonsepisodeA2YouthTheBeatniksA2YouthTheBeatlesA2YouthTheRollingStonesA2Youth(The1960s)ModsandRockersvAnewmoodofoptimismandchangevRockers:rocknroll&bigmotorbikes;dresseddown(inleatherjacketsanddenim);workingclass,masculinitydrivenvMods:Americanrhythmandbluesmusic&scooters;dressedup(insharpsuitsandtiesItalianstyle);working-class,non-traditionalclericalorservicejobsA2YouthRockersandtheirmotor-bikesA2YouthModsandtheirscootorsA2YouthTheHippiesvHippie:bohemian,studentandradicalsubculturesvBeingcriticalofgrowingdominanceoftechnology&bureaucracyofcapitalistsocietiesvDistrustofestablishmentvCriticismofinequalityandaffluenceofsocietyvSearchofsocialchangethroughpeacefulmeansvContradictions:vAnti-materialistic,yetlivedtosharethefruitsofaffluencevPro-egalitarian,butreactionaryA2YouthSkinheadscont.vTheunskilledworking-classcommunityvWorking-classactivities:pubs,footballandstreets,associatedwithfootballhooliganismvTheendofthe1960s,relativeworseningofsituationofworking-classvDressbigindustrialboots&jeansrolleduphightorevealthemvAppearancehaircuttotheskullvEmphasisoncollectivity,physicaltoughness,andlocalrivalry;targetsfortheaggressionhippiesA2Youthcont.Hippies(left)Skinheads(right)A2Youth(1970s)PunksvThe1970s:Punk,HeavyMetalvPunk:youthcultureintheextremevSpikedhair,rippedandoutlandishlycustomizedclothingvObscenelanguage(much-publici