Chapter one Introduction to International Business LawI what is international business law? International business law is the body of rules and norms that regulates business activities carried outside the legal boundaries of states. In particular, it regulates the business transactions of private persons internationally, and the relationship of international commercial organizations. 国际商法是调整国际商法是调整跨国商事活动跨国商事活动的法律规范的总称。它调整的法律规范的总称。它调整的是的是国际私人商事交易关系国际私人商事交易关系和国际商事组织间的关系和国际商事组织间的关系. The scope of international business lawLaw for international trading of goodsCompany lawNegotiable instrument lawMaritime law Insurance lawLaw of international technology transferIndustrial property law International investment lawInternational financial lawInternational tax law Law of international disputes settlementII History of International Business Law1. the origin: Hammurabi Codes 汉穆拉比法典2. the Roman law: Jus Civil ( civil law)市民法 and Jus Gentium ( public international law)万民法3. the Rhode law:罗得法4. Law Merchants: 商人（习惯）法5. the common law: 普通法III Sources of international business lawA National lawThe most important source.Take China as an example:The Contract LawTrademark LawChinese-Foreign joint Venture (Cooperative) Law, The Civil Procedure LawArbitration LawIII Sources of international business lawB International treaties and conventionsDifferences between treaties and convention:The most important international conventions: The United nations Convention on Contract for the International Sales of Goods（CISG，联合国国际货物销售合同公约） Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law Relating to Bills of Lading (the Hague rules，海牙规则) The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (Paris Convention， 巴黎公约 ) Understanding on the Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSU，争端解决规则与程序谅解）III Sources of international business lawC International model lawDefinition: rules and norms worked out and passed by some international organizations for the free choice by nations.Examples:1. Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law （联合国国际贸易法委员会国际商事仲裁示范法 UNCITRAL Model Law）2. Principles of International Commercial Contract by the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law （国际统一私法协会国际商事合同通则, UNIDROIT PICC ）III Sources of international business lawC International model lawNo certain legal validityInfluence: 1. model for national and international legislature; 2. a means of interpreting and supplementing existing uniform law; 3. rules governing the contract (situations?); 4. a substitute for the domestic lawIII Sources of international business lawD International trade customs and usagesDefinition: the general rules and practices in international trade activities that have become generally adopted through unvarying habit and common use. (used to be oral but later compiled into written rules)Examples:Warsaw-oxford Rules by the International Chamber of Commerce （华沙-牛津规则）The International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms (INCORMS2010 国际贸易术语解释通则）The Uniformed Customs and Practice for Commercial Documentary Credits （UCP600 跟单信用证统一惯例）III Sources of international business lawD International trade customs and usagesInfluence: not law, but plays an important role.1. as binding rules by agreed upon by the parties to the contract.2. as interpreting or filling the gaps in the contract.(only for usages the parties agreed to be bound or that derive from their past dealings, or the usages the party knew or ought to have known and that are regularly observed in the industry or trade involved.VI International OrganizationsA. Organization Affiliated with UN隶属联合国的隶属联合国的组织组织1. The United Nations Economic and Social Council 联合国经社理事会联合国经社理事会2. The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) 联合国国际贸易法委员会联合国国际贸易法委员会Objectives: promote international trade through harmonization of trade law among nations.Most important achievements: the entry into force of CISG; Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration.VI International OrganizationsA. Organization Affiliated with UN3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) (Bretton Woods Conference) 国际货币基金组织国际货币基金组织Objectives: to promote international monetary cooperation, to facilitate the expansion and balanced growth of international trade and to promote stability in foreign exchange.Voting rights of members: 250 basic voting right, plus voting rights calculated by their quota subscriptions (one voting rights for every 10,000.00 SDR.) China with a voting rights of 2.54%.3.72%特别提款权（特别提款权（special drawingright,SDR) 国际货币基金组织创设的一种储备资产和记帐单位，亦称“纸黄金(Paper Gold)”。它是基金组织分配给会员国的一种使用资金的权利。会员国在发生国际收支逆差时，可用它向基金组织指定的其他会员国换取外汇，以偿付国际收支逆差或偿还基金组织的贷款，还可与黄金、自由兑换货币一样充当国际储备。但由于其只是一种记帐单位，不是真正货币，使用时必须先换成其他货币，不能直接用于贸易或非贸易的支付。因为它是国际货币基金组织原有的普通提款权以外的一种补充，所以称为特别提款权。 VI International OrganizationsA. Organization Affiliated with UN4. “ World Bank” (two institutions) 世界银行世界银行 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Dev