11.什么是国际音标？什么是国际音标？由于英语的拼写形式和读音有很大的由于英语的拼写形式和读音有很大的分歧分歧,所以无法完全根据字母来读音。所以无法完全根据字母来读音。为了精确地学习和掌握语音为了精确地学习和掌握语音,就要借就要借助一种注音手段来弥补这一缺陷助一种注音手段来弥补这一缺陷,于是便于是便产生了一定数量的精确记录语音的符号，产生了一定数量的精确记录语音的符号，叫做叫做“音符音符”(Phoneticsymbols)。2国际音标（旧称万国音符）是国际国际音标（旧称万国音符）是国际语音学协会（语音学协会（IPA-InternationalPhoneticAssociation)于于1888年拟定的一年拟定的一套为各国语言注音的语音符号。我们这里所套为各国语言注音的语音符号。我们这里所说的国际音标是专门为英语注音的那一部分说的国际音标是专门为英语注音的那一部分标音符号。目前我国通用的国际音标共有标音符号。目前我国通用的国际音标共有48个个,其中其中,元音音标元音音标20个，辅音音标个，辅音音标28个。个。3英语元音英语元音(Englishvowels)英语元音音素共英语元音音素共2020个。分单元音个。分单元音和双元音两大类。和双元音两大类。4a.前元音：前元音：/i:/,/i/,/e/,/b.后元音：后元音：/:/,/,/:/,/u/,/u:/,/c.中元音：中元音：/:/,/a.合口双元音：合口双元音：/ei/,/u/,/ai/,/au/,/ i/b.集中双元音：集中双元音：/i/,/,/u/单元音的分类单元音的分类双元音的分类双元音的分类5a.爆破音爆破音/p/,/b/,/t,/d/,/k/,/b.摩擦音摩擦音/f/，/v/，/，/，/s/，/z/,/，/，/h/,/r/c.破擦音破擦音/t/，/d/，/tr/，/dr/，/ts/，/dz/d.鼻音鼻音/m/,/n/,/e.旁流音（舌侧音）旁流音（舌侧音）/l/f.半元音半元音/w/,/j/英语辅音英语辅音(Englishconsonants)(共共28个）个）6前元音/i:/ feelheat 热leap 跳/ /badlandDadmaphat/i/ fillhitlip 嘴唇/e/bedlenddeadmethead7前元音练习bee billdeep digtask testGive me a beefsteak, peas ,and beer, please.Catch that mad black catBetter late than never.(迟做总比不做好)Better to do well than to say well .(口说不如实干)A friend in need is a friend indeed（患难见真情）8后元音/ :/ allfallhall/u:/goose 鹅foodloose 松的/ :/calm/ / bossfoxhot /u/goodfootlook/come9A large army marched past the A large army marched past the farmyardfarmyardItIts hard to see any stars in the s hard to see any stars in the dark skydark skyThe clock is stopped , itThe clock is stopped , its not s not longlongLost time is never found againLost time is never found againWho said the soup was too cool? Who said the soup was too cool? As a rule , the skies are blue in As a rule , the skies are blue in June June He looks like a good cookHe looks like a good cook I took my book and looked at it as I took my book and looked at it as long as I couldlong as I could10中元音/ / : / /: / / / /earthsearchbirdchurchanotherordermethoddoctorMy younger brother is a doctorGive me some butter and sugarWe will have a get-together after supper11 双元音/ei/ /e/ agelatepainedgeletpen12 双元音/ai/ /i/i/bikemineheightboy coinnoisevoice13 双元音 / u/ /au/coalposeloan 贷款bowl 碗doubtfoundnoun14 爆破辅音/p/pea/t/tear/k/class/b/bee/d/dear/g/glassGood, better, best. 循序渐进Never let it rest. 永不停止Until good is better. 好上加好And better best. 精益求精15 摩擦辅音 /f/ /v/fastfewleafproofsafesurfvast 巨大的 viewleaveprovesaveserveHe works hard as if he never knew fatigue.It is very difficult for us to finish it before five.16 摩擦辅音/s/ /z/busicelooseraceusedbuzz 蜂音eyesloseraiseused17 摩擦辅音 / / / /thankthemethickbathbreathcloththanthesethisbathebreatheclothe18 / / /s/thinthingfaithmouth/ /breatheclotheseethe 沸腾sinsingfacemouse/z/breeze 微风closeseize19 / / /t/thankthought/ /theretheythose/ /threetanktaught/d/daredaydoze 打瞌睡 /f/free20A thousand thanks.Cathy has three brothers.Mr. Smith talked about this, that and the other.There is something.They have been there for more than three months.21 摩擦辅音/ / / /cashfishshipshoeleisure 闲暇measure 测量pleasurevision 视觉Measure for measure.以牙还牙She sells sea shells on the seashore.她在海边捡贝壳。22 摩擦辅音 /h/hardhehousewhohihello/r/redroadwritewrong23破擦辅音 /ts/ /dz/carts ratesSeats/ t/cheepchoke 闷塞larch 落叶松richcardsraidsseeds/d /jeepjokelargeridge 脊24破擦辅音/tr/ /dr/tracktreetrucktrydragdreamdrugdryNever trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.麻烦不找你，就别自找麻烦。25鼻辅音/m/ /n/ / /dim 朦胧的 din 喧闹 ding 唠叨seem seen seeing sum sun sung whim 怪想 win wing26舌边辅音/l/l/ /n/ /r/lead need readlight night right27半元音/w/ /j/warm youngwell yardwhile yieldWhere there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。You still look young, year after year.一年一年过去了，你看起来还那么年轻。2829