2022高考英语七选五练习题综合强化（二）Passage AScientists have implanted memories into the brins of birds, helping young zebra finches to learn a song normally taught to them by their fathers. 1 Like humans, zebra finches learn how to vocalize by imitating their parents. By listening to them sing, young birds memorize the notes.“2 .” Todd Roberts, from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, told Newsweek. “In fact, there are amazing similarities between songbirds learning their song and the early stages of speech learning.Roberts, together with colleagues, used “optogenetic manipulation where light is used to monitor and control brain activityto guide the learning of songs. 3 In this way, memories of syllables of a song were createdthe length of a note agrees with the length of light exposure.As a result, they guided the learning of the zebra finch with these implanted memories. Their findings are published in the journal Science.“We learn many behaviors during development by copying the behavior of our parents, older siblings or teachers. 4 But our research in young songbirds shows that select synapses connecting sensory and motor circuits play a powerful role in laying down these types of memories and that activation of these connections in the brain can help form memories that can guide learning. We were very surprised by the outcome of our experiments, Roberts said.Roberts said it is unlikely that a similar approach could be used in humans to implant memories.5 However, he did say that understanding these pathways could help us understand conditions where developmental disorders cause speech problems.AThey are active throughout the day.BSongbirds provide an excellent model.CSuch experiments would give rise to debate.DThe brain activities involved in this are still poorly understood.E. They controlled the interactions between two regions of the brainF. It may not be too many years before the measurements of brain activity.G. The breakthrough has given an insight into the development of vocal learning.参考答案：这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家将记忆植入鸟类的大脑中，帮助年轻的斑胸草雀学会通常由它们的父亲教会它们的歌曲。介绍了研究开展的过程以及研究对于人类植入记忆的意义。1根据上文“Scientists have implanted memories into the brins of birds, helping young zebra finches to learn a song normally taught to them by their fathers.(科学家将记忆植入鸟类的大脑中，帮助年轻的斑胸草雀学会通常由它们的父亲教会它们的歌曲)”可知，上文提到科学家将记忆植入鸟类的大脑中，帮助年轻的斑胸草雀学会通常由它们的父亲教会它们的歌曲，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明这一突破的影响：使我们对声乐学习的发展有了深入的了解。故G选项“这一突破使我们对声乐学习的发展有了深入的了解”符合语境，故选G。2根据后文“Todd Roberts, from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, told Newsweek. “In fact, there are amazing similarities between songbirds learning their song and the early stages of speech learning.(德克萨斯大学西南医学中心的Todd Roberts告诉新闻周刊。“事实上，鸣禽学习鸣叫和早期语言学习有惊人的相似之处。”)”可知，本句为引用Todd Roberts对于鸣禽学习鸣叫和早期语言学习的言论，B选项中songbirds对应后文中songbirds。故B选项“鸣禽提供了一个很好的模型”符合语境，故选B。3根据上文“Roberts, together with colleagues, used “optogenetic manipulation where light is used to monitor and control brain activityto guide the learning of songs.( Roberts和他的同事们使用了“光基因操控”技术利用光来监测和控制大脑活动来指导对歌曲的学习)”以及后文“In this way, memories of syllables of a song were createdthe length of a note agrees with the length of light exposure.(通过这种方式，对一首歌音节的记忆被创造出来音符的长度与光线照射的长度一致)”可知，本句承接上文说明罗伯茨和他的同事们是如何通过控制大脑活动来指导歌曲学习的。E选项中They指代上文Roberts, together with colleagues。故E选项“他们控制了大脑两个区域之间的相互作用”符合语境，故选E。4根据上文“We learn many behaviors during development by copying the behavior of our parents, older siblings or teachers.(在发育过程中，我们通过模仿父母、哥哥姐姐或老师的行为来学习许多行为)”以及后文“But our research in young songbirds shows that select synapses connecting sensory and motor circuits play a powerful role in laying down these types of memories and that activation of these connections in the brain can help form memories that can guide learning.(但我们对小鸣禽的研究表明，连接感觉和运动回路的特定突触在形成这些类型的记忆中发挥了强大的作用，大脑中这些连接的激活可以帮助形成指导学习的记忆)”可知，上文提到了人类通过模仿来学习的行为，后文则提到对小鸣禽的研究发现了帮助形成学习记忆的大脑活动过程，可知本句与后文形成转折，指出对人们通过模仿学习的大脑活动知之甚少的情况。故D选项“参与其中的大脑活动仍然知之甚少”符合语境，故选D。5根据上文“Roberts said it is unlikely that a similar approach could be used in humans to implant memories.( Roberts说，类似的方法不太可能用于人类植入记忆)”可知，上文提到类似的方法不太可能用于人类植入记忆，故本句说明原因：这样的实验会引起争论。故C选项“这样的实验会引起争论”符合语境，故选C。Passage BHow to Give Feedback(反馈) That People Will Listen toIf we want to grow as people, we cant just rely on our own evaluation of how were doing.1Receiving feedback from others can help us see the bigger picture and show us a path forward to success. However, someone has to give that feedback, and sometimes, that someone will be you. How should you approach this?2If you wait until the matter fades from the persons mind, they might no understand what youre trying to tell them. Feedback should be clear and well timed, or its likely to be ignored.When youre giving feedback, its important to keep in mind that no one likes to be told theyre doing a bad job. Make sure you give an equal amount to positive feedback to balance out anything negative.3