2012年英语（一）试题参考答案Section I Use of English1. B. maintain2. A. when3. B. weakened4. D. accepted5. C. bound6. B. subject7. D. applies8. B. raise9. A. line10. B. as11. A. so12. C. upset13. C. cultivate14. D. tied15. A. concepts16. C. shapes17. A. dismissed18. C. address19. D. accountable20. D. as a resultSection Reading ComprehensionPart AText121.D. a cause of undesirable behaviors.22.B. learn from advertisers experience.23.A. adequately probe social and biological factors.24.C. occurs without our realizing it.25.D. questionable.Text226.C. dishonoring.27.D. get permission to purchase a power plant.28.A. managerial practices.29.D. the limits of states power over nuclear issues.30.A. Entergys business elsewhere might be affected.Text331.A. uncertainty and complexity.32.B. shared efforts.33.B. has been examined by the scientific community.34.D. scientific work calls for a critical mind.35.C. Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.Text436.C. unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.37.D. Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.38.B. indirectly augmented.39.C. may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.40.A. disapproval.Part B41. C. Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.42. D. This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploadingbetween passive consumption and active creationwhose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.43. A. Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.44. F. One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the worlds media culture has been defined by a single mediumtelevisionand television is defined by downloading.45. G. The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.Part C46. 在物理学领域，一种作法把这种寻求大同理论的冲动推向极端，试图寻找包含一切的理论一个涵括我们所看到的一切的生成性公式。47. 这里，达尔文学说似乎作出了证明，因为如果人类有着共同的起源，那么似乎就有理由认为文化的多样性也可以追溯到更为有限的起源。48. 从共有特征中滤出独有特征，这使我们得以理解复杂的文化行为是如何产生的，并从进化或认知角度理解什么引导了它的走向。49. 第二次努力由乔舒亚格林堡做出采用更为经验主义的方法来研究语言的普遍性，确定了多种语言(尤其在语法词序方面)的共有特征，这些特征被认为是代表了由认知限制产生的倾向。50. 乔姆斯基的语法应该显示出语言变化的模式，这些模式并不受语言谱系或贯穿谱系路径的影响；而格林堡式的普遍性则预言了特定的语法词序关系类型之间所存在的紧密互依性。Section WritingPart A51. （略）Part B52. （略）