专题01 阅读-新课标试卷之说明文（一）一、（山东省泰安2021届高三模拟）Buying clothes for a special event, hiding the price tickets and returning them to the store the next day has for years been the method of economical shoppers. Today people are doing it just for social media.A survey conducted by the credit card company Barclaycard revealed that nearly one in ten UK shoppers admits to buying clothing only to post photos on social media for likes. After the “outfit (装束) of the day” makes it online, they return it to the store. According to Barclaycard, the “try before you buy” policy of online retailers (零售商) where people pay for clothing they order online after they try it on at home could be contributing to this rising trend.But the rise of social media has meant that everyone, not just superstars, expects to build and maintain a personal brand. Since were documenting our lives and posting them online for public judgment, getting caught in the same outfits more than once should be avoided. And the cost of all those outfits of the day adds up, which makes returning a popular way.There are brands that tailor clothes specifically for social media shoppers, like Fashion Nova. “These are clothes made for social media: meant to be worn once, photographed and abandoned,” Allison P. Davis wrote in her report about the brand. Another favorite of the social media age is Rent the Runway, which lets customers rent designer clothing for a fee.Some, however, are moving in the opposite direction. Groups promoting “work uniforms” have increased greatly in recent years, aiming to free women from “the annoyance of clothing decisions”. The concept of the “capsule wardrobe” (胶囊衣柜), which calls for purchasing a small number of high-quality pieces instead of lots of trendy throwaway clothes, is also making a comeback.12What does the survey by Barclaycard indicate?ASome Britons send outfits back after shoots.BBritons try on clothes before online purchases.CBritons follow the fashion stars closely.DSome Britons over-order and return clothes.13Whats Fashion Novas special service?ARenting chargeable designer clothes.BOffering customers single-use clothes.CCreating unique shopping experiences.DHelping shoppers improve their clothing style.14Whats the idea behind the “capsule wardrobe”?ABetter fewer, but better.BLess addition, but more enjoyment.CLess uniform and more freedom.DMore choices and less annoyance.15Whats the purpose of the author to write the text?ATo compare different wearing trends.BTo criticize the “try before you buy” policy.CTo advocate buying high-quality clothes.DTo introduce Britains new wearing trend.二、（福建省龙岩市2021届高三质检）The Arctics permafrost is inciting and fast. Thats bad news, because these frozen soils store billions of tons of carbon, just waiting to be released. So is there a way to save the permafrost? One team of researchers thinks it may have found a possible solution: big animals, herbivores - animals that eat only plants.Back in 1996 researchers started an experiment called Pleistocene Park. They fenced in about eight square miles of land in northeast Siberia. Then they introduced different types of herbivores: reindeer, horses, bison, sheep and other large creatures.Since then, scientists have studied these animals effects on the ecosystem. One outcome is that these large herbivores help keep the ground very cold cooler than it would otherwise be.“The snow in winter is important for soil temperature, because it acts as an insulating layer. So the air in winter, at the high latitudes, is much colder than the soil. Philipp Porada, a vegetation ecologist at the University of Hamburg. So the idea of this experiment was to introduce large herbivores and to quantify their effects on soil temperature to see if they can actually protect permafrost soils against melting. And this works because of the animals trampling (践踏), and this leads to less insulation of the soil against cold air temperatures and results in a cooling effect.”Freezing air reaches the soil more easily. Porada and his colleagues realized the significance of this effect, so they pulled data from Pleistocene Park and Sweden to model what effect herbivores could have on permafrost if they lived in large numbers in the Arctic.They found that even in a worst-case situation, some four degrees Celsius of global wanning: “These herbivores in the model reduce soil temperature substantially, by 1.7 degrees on average. And this leads to a preservation of around 80 percent of the original todays permafrost area. Without the herbivore effect in the model, only 50 percent of the permafrost area would remain by the year 2100. So we can say the effect of the herbivores in the model leads to a substantial preservation of permafrost soil.24Why is the Pleistocene Park Experiment mentioned?ATo provide the past research data.BTo share soil preservation experience.CTo int