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主谓一致考点归纳就近原则1. 由并列结构或连词(eitheror, neithernor,notbut, not onlybut also, or等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与* 近的那个名词或代词保持一致。例句:Neither his parents nor Tom is at home. Tom和他的父母都不在家。Note:“eitheror, neithernor, or”连接的两个主语若是一单一复,最好将复数主词放在后面而接复数动词。2. 在倒装句和there be句型中,谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。例句:There is a book and some pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。There comes the bus. 汽车来了。3. 在定语从句中,关系代词作主语,其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致例句:I know the man who is talking to my father.我认识那个正在和我父亲谈话的人。4. 在强调句中,连接代词又在句中作主语,这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。例句:It is Marys brother who was injured in the car accident. 是Mary的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。意义一致原则1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with,with,as well as,together with, no less than,besides,except, but, including等短语时,谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰,依然和主语保持一致。2. 例句:I, along with my sister, am going to Shanghai next month. 我,还有我姐姐,打算下个月去上海。2. 英语中有一类单、复数同型的词(people,means,sheep,deer,fish等),其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。例句:All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.这个国家的人都已经为大变革做好了准备。3. 多数情况下,由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时,其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。例句:What I want to say is just “ Take care!”.我只想说:“多保重!”4. 当主语与all, none, any,some等不定代词、形容词连用时,应根据具体句意,来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。例句:All I know about this company is what he told me yesterday.我对这家公司的了解都是昨天完他告诉我的。5. “+ (of) +名词”结构描述数量时,如果“of”后的名词为单数(不可数名词),则谓语动词用单数,如果名词为复数,则谓语动词用复数。例句:Most of the water here is clean.大部分的水是干净的。80% cotton has been sent to America.80%的棉花已经被送往美国。Half of the apples are red.有一半儿的苹果是红的。6. 词组“a number of, a great/good many, a group of +可数名词复数”的结构作主语时,谓语动词应用复数;如果冠词a变为the,则谓语动词用单数。例句: A number of ancient buildings are destroyed in the war.许多的古代建筑在战争中被毁。The number of the visitors has decreased this year. 游客的数量今年减少了。7. 英语的集体名词(committee, crowd, family, public, group, party, team, class, club, company, union等词),指代“整体”时为单数;指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。例句:My family was very poor when I was a little girl.当我还是一个小女孩儿的时候,我家很穷。My family are all looking forward for your coming. 我的家人都在期待着你的到来。整体原则1. 从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词一律视作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。例句:When to leave has not been decided.什么时候离开还没有定下来。Go shopping on Sunday is one of his habits.周日购物是他的一个习惯。Note:如果主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句,谓语动词常用复数。例句:What he said and what he did were always different.他所说的和他所做的总是不一样。2. 如果两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念作主语时,谓语动词须用单数。例句: The novelist and poet is going to Europe next year.这位小说家兼诗人打算明年去欧洲。The novelist and the poet are going to Europe next year.小说家和诗人都打算明年去欧洲。分析:a)句中小说家和诗人the novelist and poet为同一个人,故谓语动词用单数;而b)句中有两个人,一个是小说家the novelist,另一个是诗人the poet。3. 专用名词,如:书名、剧名、报刊名、国家(组织)名等,通常作单数用。例句:The United States was found it 1776.美国成立于1776年。4. 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时,通常被视作整体,谓语动词用单数。例句:10 minutes is enough.十分钟足够了。5.加减乘除等数学运算谓语动词通常用单数。例句:2 times 3 makes 6. 二乘三等于六。个体原则1. and连结的两个或多个主语前如果有each, every, no等修饰语时(后面的一个有时也可省略),后面的谓语动词用单数形式。例句:Every man and every woman is busy at working.每个人都在忙着工作。2. 英语句中的each, either, neither等词,既可作代词充当主语,又可作形容词修饰主语,这时的谓语动词一律用单数。例句:Neither of us has been abroad. 我们谁都没出过国。3. 由some, any every, no构成的复合词(somebody,nobody,everything,anything等)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。例句:Somebody is waiting for you at the school gate.有人在学校门口等你。4. many a / more than one + 单数名词,一般接单数谓语动词。例句:Many a man does not understand Einsteins relativity.许多人不明白爱因斯坦的相对论。5. “one and a half + 复数名词”作主语,谓语动词一般用单数。例句:One and a half hours has passed. 一个半小时过去了。6. 成双成对出现的复数名词(glasses, scissors, shoes, trousers,pants,gloves,stockings等)作主语时,通常谓语动词用复数,但如果前面有a /the pair of;a /the suit of等词语时,则谓语动词要用单数。例句:A pair of scissors is useful tool for a dressmaker.剪刀是裁缝的重要工具。7. 以“-s”结尾的“复数”名词(例如;一些学科名词mathematics, physics, politics等),或以“-s”结尾的地点名词、人名等词后面的谓语动词通常用单数。例句:Mathematics is my favorite subject.数学是我最喜欢的科目。
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