包装技术基础包装技术基础 Fundamentals of Packaging Technology 编著：陈满儒教授编著：陈满儒教授Unit oneperspective on packaging第一单元第一单元 透视包装透视包装 Lesson 1 A History of Packaging 第第1课课 包装发展史包装发展史 What is Packaging? 1. A definition of packagingPackaging is best described as a coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, distribution, storage, retailing, and use of the goods 2. The many things a package might be asked to do - Packaging is a complex, dynamic, scientific, artistic, and controversial business function- Fundamental function of packaging: contain protects/preserves transports informs/sells. What is Packaging?-Packaging functions range from technical ones to marketing oriented ones (Figure 1.1). Technical Functions Marketing Functionscontain measure communicate promoteprotect dispense display sellpreserve store inform motivateFigure 1.1 Packaging encompasses functions ranging from the purely technical to those that are marketing in nature-Technical packaging professionals need science and engineering skills, while marketing professionals need artistic and motivational understanding. What is Packaging?3. How packaging changes to meet societys needs- Packaging is not a recent phenomenon. - Packaging is an activity closely associated with the evolution of society and, can be traced back to human beginnings. - The nature, degree, and amount of packaging at any stage of a societys growth reflect the needs, cultural patterns, material availability and technology of that society. - A study of packagings changing roles and forms over the centuries is a study of the growth of civilization.- Social changes are inevitably reflected in the way we package, deliver and consume goods. What is Packaging?Until the 1950s, motor oil was delivered in bulk to service stations, which in turn measured it into 1-quart glass jars; premeasured oil in metal cans;- Now, milk delivery from glass bottles to a variety of plain and aseptic paper cartons, plastic bottles and flexible bags;- Tomorrow, how oil or milk will be delivered? - environmentally acceptable packaging (minimal waste) - choices of petrochemicals, wood pulp, and metal governed - the way we buy and consume oil or milk - milk delivered in refillable aluminum cans? Primitive Packaging 1.The origins of packaging- We dont know what the first package was, but we can certainly speculate. - Primitive humans: nomadic hunter/gatherers, lived off the land. Social groupings restricted to family units.- They would have been subject to the geographical migrations of animals and the seasonal availability of plant food. - Such an extreme nomadic existence does not encourage property accumulation beyond what can be carried on ones back. Primitive Packaging - Primitive people needed containment and carrying devices, and out of this need came the first “package”. - a wrap of leaves;- an animal skin; - the shell of a nut or gourd; - a naturally hollow piece of wood; - the fire-bearer and the “packaging” of fire. Primitive Packaging 2.How packaging changed as social structures changed- 5000 B.C., domesticated plants and animals. - a reasonable food supply in a given vicinity; - evolutionary stage: supported larger social groups, gave birth to small tribal villages; - storage and transport containers needed for milk, honey, seed grains, nuts, and dried meat; - villages with access to different resources traded with their neighbors, requiring transport containers;- About 250 B.C., the Greek city-state period, law that affected packaging enacted Primitive Packaging 3. Early packaging materials- fabricated sacks, baskets, and bags, made from materials of plant or animal origin; wood boxes replaced hollow logs; a clay bowl, the fire-dried clay pots ( the pottery and ceramic trade).4. The discovery of glass - By 2500 B.C., a hard inert substance in the fires remains; glass beads and figures made in Mesopotamia (todays Iraq). - About 1500 B.C., the earliest hollow glass objects appeared in Mesopotamia and Egypt. Primitive Packaging - Glass containers, the ancient packaging materials, core-formed ancient Egyptian glass containers (Figure 1.2). Figure 1.2 Forming a hollow glass vessel around a core From Rome To The Renaissance 1. How packaging changed as social structures changed- Many societal changes leading to the corresponding changes in packaging: mostly the quality and quantity of existing packaging practices.2. The invention of the glass blowpipe, wood barrels- The Romans in about 50 B.C., the glass blowpipe；- The blowpipes invention brought glass out of noble households and temples;- The first wooden barrel appeared possibly in the Alpine regions of Europe，one of the most common packaging forms for many centuries. From Rome To The Renaissance 3. The Dark Ages- The Dark Ages: with the Roman Empires collapse in about 450 A.D., Europe reduced to minor city-states many established arts and crafts forgotten or stagnant, the 600 years following the fall of Rome being so devoid of significant change that histori