Eleventh editionEleventh editionSTEPHEN P. ROBBINSSTEPHEN P. ROBBINSMARY COULTERMARY COULTERManagement History Module ChapterChapter122Contents1.1.Historical Background of ManagementHistorical Background of Management2.2.Scientific Management Scientific Management 3.3.General Administrative TheoryGeneral Administrative Theory4.4.Quantitative ApproachQuantitative Approach5.5.Toward Understanding Organizational BehaviorToward Understanding Organizational Behavior6.6.The Systems ApproachThe Systems Approach7.7.The Contingency ApproachThe Contingency Approach8.8.Current Issues and TrendsCurrent Issues and Trends1. Historical Background of Management Early evidences of management practice.Early evidences of management practice. Adam Smiths division of laborAdam Smiths division of labor Industrial revolutionIndustrial revolutionL E A R N I N G O U T L I N E L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E Picture of pyramidPicture of pyramid24251. Historical Background of ManagementAncient ManagementAncient ManagementEgypt (pyramids) 5000 years agoEgypt (pyramids) 5000 years ago a project of 100,000 People for 20 yearsa project of 100,000 People for 20 yearsWho told each workers what to do? Who ensured that there would be enough stones at the site to keep workers busy?Some one had to plan what was to be done, organize people and materials to do it, lead and direct the workers, and impose some controls to ensure that everything was done as planned.They wereManagersVenice 中心码头中心码头中心码头中心码头 古代威尼斯造船流水线古代威尼斯造船流水线古代威尼斯造船流水线古代威尼斯造船流水线Picture of the site ofPicture of the site of26271. Historical Background of Management1. Historical Background of ManagementAncient ManagementAncient Management Venetians (floating warship assembly lines) Venetians (floating warship assembly lines) During the 1400s in the city of VeniceDuring the 1400s in the city of Venice Warship were floated along the canals and at each Warship were floated along the canals and at each stop, materials and riggings were added to the ships,stop, materials and riggings were added to the ships, Developed inventory systems to keep track of Developed inventory systems to keep track of materials, materials, Developed human resource managementDeveloped human resource management Started an accounting system to keep track of Started an accounting system to keep track of revenues and costs revenues and costs 281. Historical Background of ManagementAncient ManagementAncient ManagementChina China 中国古代的管理实践中国古代的管理实践 商周的管理职位商周的管理职位“ “三官五卿六爵三官五卿六爵” ” 军队军队 长城的建设长城的建设Picture of the Great WallPicture of the Great Wall29China (The Great Wall)China (The Great Wall)2101. Historical Background of Management1. Historical Background of ManagementAdam Smith Adam Smith 亚当亚当亚当亚当. .斯密斯密斯密斯密Published Published “The Wealth of Nations” “The Wealth of Nations” in 1776in 1776vvAdvocated Advocated the division of labor the division of labor ( (job specializationjob specialization) to ) to increase the productivity of workersincrease the productivity of workersvvPin industry as an Pin industry as an exampleexample: : 10 individuals, each doing specialized task, could 10 individuals, each doing specialized task, could produce about 48,000 pins a dayproduce about 48,000 pins a day Each person worked alone, performing each task Each person worked alone, performing each task separately, it would be quite an accomplishment to separately, it would be quite an accomplishment to produce even 10 pins a day.produce even 10 pins a day.2111. Historical Background of Management1. Historical Background of ManagementIndustrial Revolution Industrial Revolution (the late of 18(the late of 18thth century) century)Substituted machine power for human labor, making Substituted machine power for human labor, making it more economical to manufacture goods in factories it more economical to manufacture goods in factories rather than at homerather than at homeCreated large efficient organizations in need of Created large efficient organizations in need of managementmanagementvvTo forecast the demandTo forecast the demandvvEnsure enough material was on hand to make productsEnsure enough material was on hand to make productsvvAssign tasks to peopleAssign tasks to peoplevvDirect daily activitiesDirect daily activities2121. Historical Background of Management1. Historical Background of ManagementIndustrial RevolutionIndustrial RevolutionSubstituted machine power for human laborSubstituted machine power for human laborCreated large organizations in need of management Created large organizations in need of management (plan,organize, lead, control)(plan,organize, lead, control)工业革命带来的大规模生产，促进了管理实践的发展，工业革命带来的大规模生产，促进了管理实践的发展，逐渐形成了系统的管理理论逐渐形成了系统的管理理论2. Scientific ManagementFredrick Winslow TaylorFredrick Winslow TaylorFrank and Lillian GilbrethFrank and Lillian GilbrethThe Opperational ApproachThe Opperational Approach2142. Scientific ManagementFredrick W. Taylor- Fredrick W. Taylor- 泰勒泰勒 Frederick Winslow Taylor (March 20, Frederick Winslow