提喻 转喻 隐喻 转喻、提喻、换称三种修辞手法的对比 三种关系类英语修辞手法转喻、提喻和换称的共同之处都是用某一事物的名称指代另一事物的名称,常常容易使人混淆。其实,如果将这三种修辞手法的用法加以对比分析,就不难区分了。 转喻(Metonymy)、提喻(synecdoche)、换称(antonomasia)这三种修辞手法都属于关系类修辞,它们的共同之处都是用某一事物的名称指代另一事物的名称。目前国内有关英语修辞的教科书中就常将这三种修辞手法混为一谈,使得老师和学生对此模糊不清。其实,如果将这三种修辞手法的定义和用法弄清,就不难区分了。下面就这三种修辞手法的定义、用法以及它们之间的异同作些比较: 1.转喻(Metonymy)的定义与用法 用某一事物的名称代替另一事物的名称的修辞手法叫做转喻或借代。这两种事物之间有着密切相关的联系。(A metonymy is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated.)转喻通常用下列几种方式指代: (1)根据人名或商品品牌名: Uncle Sam(山姆大叔)Americans or the American government(美国人/美国政府) John Bull(约翰牛)the English nation or a typical Englishman(英国/地道英国人) He is reading Shakespeare.他在读莎士比亚作品。 (Shakespeares works (用作者指代作品) He went in debt just to keep up with the Joneses.他为了与邻里攀比而负债。 neighbours(用“琼斯家”指代“邻里”) We drove a Ford to Hyde Park.我们驾驶一辆福特牌小轿车到海德公园去。 a car whose make is Ford(用品牌名指代实物) (2)根据实物名称: Finally she married money.她最终嫁给了有钱人。 a rich man (用“钱”指代“有钱人”。) I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day.我住在飞机场附近,日夜可 以听到过往的飞机声。the noise made by passing planes (用“过往的飞机”指代“噪音”。) (3)根据动植物名称: the big apple(大苹果)New York city(纽约市) Russian bear(俄国熊)Russians or the Russian government(俄国人/俄国政府) British lion(英国狮)England or the English government(英国/英国政府) The flower of the nation was sent off to war.该国的壮小伙子都被送去打仗了。 the strong young men the flower通常用来指代“精英”、“精华”等。在句中,它被用来指代“壮小伙子”。 (4)根据工具名: When the war was over, he laid down the sword and took up the pen. arms(writing 战争结束后,他放下武器,从事写作。 The pen is mightier than the sword.文章胜武力。 转喻、提喻、换称三种修辞手法的对比 三种关系类英语修辞手法转喻、提喻和换称的共同之处都是用某一事物的名称指代另一事物的名称,常常容易使人混淆。其实,如果将这三种修辞手法的用法加以对比分析,就不难区分了。 转喻(Metonymy)、提喻(synecdoche)、换称(antonomasia)这三种修辞手法都属于关系类修辞,它们的共同之处都是用某一事物的名称指代另一事物的名称。目前国内有关英语修辞的教科书中就常将这三种修辞手法混为一谈,使得老师和学生对此模糊不清。其实,如果将这三种修辞手法的定义和用法弄清,就不难区分了。下面就这三种修辞手法的定义、用法以及它们之间的异同作些比较: 1.转喻(Metonymy)的定义与用法 用某一事物的名称代替另一事物的名称的修辞手法叫做转喻或借代。这两种事物之间有着密切相关的联系。(A metonymy is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated.)转喻通常用下列几种方式指代: (1)根据人名或商品品牌名: Uncle Sam(山姆大叔)Americans or the American government(美国人/美国政府) John Bull(约翰牛)the English nation or a typical Englishman(英国/地道英国人) He is reading Shakespeare.他在读莎士比亚作品。 (Shakespeares works (用作者指代作品) He went in debt just to keep up with the Joneses.他为了与邻里攀比而负债。 neighbours(用“琼斯家”指代“邻里”) We drove a Ford to Hyde Park.我们驾驶一辆福特牌小轿车到海德公园去。 a car whose make is Ford(用品牌名指代实物) (2)根据实物名称: Finally she married money.她最终嫁给了有钱人。 a rich man (用“钱”指代“有钱人”。) I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day.我住在飞机场附近,日夜可 以听到过往的飞机声。the noise made by passing planes (用“过往的飞机”指代“噪音”。) (3)根据动植物名称: the big apple(大苹果)New York city(纽约市) Russian bear(俄国熊)Russians or the Russian government(俄国人/俄国政府) British lion(英国狮)England or the English government(英国/英国政府) The flower of the nation was sent off to war.该国的壮小伙子都被送去打仗了。 the strong young men the flower通常用来指代“精英”、“精华”等。在句中,它被用来指代“壮小伙子”。 (4)根据工具名: When the war was over, he laid down the sword and took up the pen. arms(writing 战争结束后,他放下武器,从事写作。 The pen is mightier than the sword.文章胜武力。