英语漫谈才欢迎光临写作写作构思顺序写作构思顺序 遣词造句布局谋篇谋谋 篇篇 1 1、明确体裁、明确体裁 2 2、审定主题、审定主题 3 3、保持切题、保持切题 1.Descriptive1.Descriptive Narrative Narrative Argumentative Argumentative 2.Theme 2.Theme 3.Relevance 3.Relevance 1 1、学会分段（三分法）、学会分段（三分法）布布 局局 2 2、保持内容的统一与连贯、保持内容的统一与连贯3 3、确定话题句、确定话题句 4 4、循、循“序序”展开段落展开段落 3-division 3-division StructureStructureUnity and Unity and CoherenceCoherenceTopic SentencesTopic SentencesOrder Order 5 5、重视开头与结尾重视开头与结尾 Beginning Beginning And Ending And Ending 造造 句句 1 1、避免错误的结构形式、避免错误的结构形式 Grammar Grammar Mother Tongue TransferMother Tongue Transfer2 2、模仿地道的表达法、模仿地道的表达法 Imitation Imitation Mechanical TranslationMechanical Translation3 3、做到句式多样化、做到句式多样化 Variety of Variety of Sentence PatternsSentence Patterns遣遣 词词 1 1、辨明同义词语的差异、辨明同义词语的差异Shades ofShades ofSemantic DifferenceSemantic Difference2 2、防止用词错误防止用词错误 Grammatical and Grammatical and Idiomatic UseIdiomatic UseHow to Make a Good BeginningHow to Make a Good BeginningWell begun is half done. Gain attention and interest 引起注意和兴趣 importance, surprise, curiosity, relevance, questions, etc.Reveal the topic 展示讲题 clear and to the pointEstablish credibility 增加可信度 knowledge, experience, sincerity, etc.Preview the body 预览主要内容 definition, background, main ideas, etc.Gaining Attention and Interest I really feel obliged to write about alcoholism（酗酒）, because this dread disease is our nations number one problem and our number three killer, ranking only after heart disease and cancer as a cause of deathStating the Importance of Your topic.Gaining Attention and Interest Last week a man whom you all have heard of beat an innocent human being senseless（把一个无辜的人打得昏厥过去）. Hundreds of people watched him do it, but no one tried to stop him. He didnt do it in self-defense, or out of hate or revenge. He did it for money. Surprise the audience.The man is a professional boxer.Gaining Attention and Interest Each of you has a gift. What kind of gift is it? Its not a Christmas gift or a birthday gift. Its not some special talent or skill. Its a gift that could save a life maybe more than one. If you decide to give it, you lose nothing. Some people bury their gift. Others burn it. All but one of you who completed my questionnaire would gladly receive the gift, but only 20 percent of you have decided to give it. This gift is the donation of your vital organs （捐献重要器官）when you die.Arouse the curiosity of your audience.Gaining Attention and Interest The fortunate people in the world the only fortunate people in the world, in my mind are those whose work is also their pleasure. The class is not a large one, not nearly so large as it is often represented to be. Authors are perhaps one of the most important elements in its composition. Winston ChurchillRelate the topic to the audience.Gaining Attention and Interest What was the first thing you did when you woke up this morning? Did you brush your teeth? Turn on the radio? Grope for a cup of coffee? A friend of mine didnt do any of those things. Instead, he grabbed the paper and pen lying next to his bed and wrote down everything he could remember about his dreams. Question the audience.Establish credibility Never in the history of sports has there been a leisure-time phenomenon more striking than the recent American love affair with the game of tennis. It is estimated that over 35 million Americans play tennis and that the number is still growing. I am one of those 35 million Americans. I have been playing tennis for almost ten years. While in high schools I played competitive tennis. I also taught tennis and worked in a tennis club.Knowledge, experience and sincerity.How to Make a Good EndingHow to Make a Good End “Great is the art of beginning, but greater is the art of ending. ” LongfellowSignal the end 发出结束信号 crescendo (climax), diminuendo (fading away) 渐强、渐弱Reinforce the central idea 强化中心思想 summary, quotation, dramatic statement, referring to the introduction, etc. 总结、引言、惊人之语、呼应开头等Signal the End When we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, “Free at last! Free at last! Thank God almighty, we are free at last!” Martin Luther KingCrescendo climax Signal the End And so I ask you to remember the starving and neglected and frightened children around the world. Remember them as you go about your daily life, comfortable and safe. Remember them when you curl up（蜷卧） under your down comforter （羽绒被）on a cold winter night. Remember them when you sit down to a huge Thanksgiving dinner（感恩节晚宴）. Remember them.Diminuendo: Anti-climaxReinforce the Central Idea My friend is back in school, participating in activities she never did before and enjoying it. Im happy and proud to say she is still fighting for her life and even happier she failed to kill herself. Otherwise I would