PETS四级阅读经典练习1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.来源：考试大 I came away from my years of teaching on the college and university level with a conviction that enactment (扮演角色), performance, dramatization are the most successful forms of teaching. Students must be incorporated, made, so far as possible, an integral part of the learning process. The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly, but that is nonetheless the case. Of Ezekiel Cheever, the most famous schoolmaster of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, his onetime student Cotton Mather wrote that he so planned his lessons that his pupils “came to work as though they came to play,” and Alfred North Whitehead, almost three hundred years later, noted that a teacher should make his/her students “glad they were there.” Since, we are told, 80 to 90 percent of all instruction in the typical university is by the lecture method, we should give close attention to this form of education. There is, I think, much truth in Patricia Nelson Limericks observation that “lecturing is an unnatural act, an act for which God did not design humans. It is perfectly all right, now and then, for a human to be possessed by the urge to speak, and to speak while others remain silent. But to do this regularly, one hour and 15 minutes at a time . for one person to drag on while others sit in silence? . I do not believe that this is what the Creator . designed humans to do.” The strange, almost incomprehensible fact is that many professors, just as they feel obliged to write dully, believe that they should lecture dully. To show enthusiasm is to risk appearing unscientific, unobjective; it is to appeal to the students emotions rather than their intellect. Thus the ideal lecture is one filled with facts and read in an unchanged monotone.来源：考试大 The cult (推崇) of lecturing dully, like the cult of writing dully, goes back, of course, some years. Edward Shils, professor of sociology, recalls the professors he encountered at the University of Pennsylvania in his youth. They seemed “a priesthood, rather uneven in their merits but uniform in their bearing; they never referred to anything personal. Some read from old lecture notes and then haltingly explained the thumb-worn last lines. Others lectured from cards that had served for years, to judge by the worn edges . The teachers began on time, ended on time, and left the room without saying a word more to their students, very seldom being detained by questioners . The classes were not large, yet there was no discussion. No questions were raised in class, and there were no office hours.” 1. The author believes that a successful teacher should be able to _. A make dramatization an important aspect of students learningB make inspired play an integral part of the learning processC improve students learning performanceD make study just as easy as play来源：考试大 2. The majority of university professors prefer the traditional way of lecturing in the belief that _. A it draws the close attention of the studentsB it conforms in a way to the design of the CreatorC it presents course content in a scientific and objective mannerD it helps students to comprehend abstract theories more easily 3. What the author recommends in this passage is that _. A college education should be improved through radical measuresB more freedom of choice should be given to students in their studiesC traditional college lectures should be replaced by dramatized performancesD interaction should be encouraged in the process of teaching 4. By saying “They seemed a priesthood, rather uneven in their merits but uniform in their bearing.” (Lines 3-4, Para. 4), the author means that _. A professors are a group of professionals that differ in their academic ability but behave in the same wayB professors are like priests wearing the same kind of black gown but having different roles to playC there is no fundamental difference between professors and priests though they differ in their meritsD professors at the University of Pennsylvania used to wear black suits which made them look like priests 5. Whose teaching method is particularly commended by the author? A Ezekiel Cheevers.B Cotton Mathers.来源：考试大C Alfred North Whiteheads.D Patricia Nelson Limericks.Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.