SEIB OF GDUFS1国际贸易实务（英文版）周瑞琪 王小鸥 徐月芳 编著对外经济贸易大学出版社INTERNATIONAL TRADEINTERNATIONAL TRADEPRACTICEPRACTICEByByZhou Ruiqi Wang Xiaoou Xuyuefang Zhou Ruiqi Wang Xiaoou Xuyuefang ofofSchool of English for International BusinessSchool of English for International Business Guangdong University of Foreign StudiesGuangdong University of Foreign StudiesChapter OneChapter OneGeneral General IntroductionIntroductionSEIB OF GDUFS4Learning ObjectiveslAfter learning this chapter, you should be able to define what is meant by international tradeexplain the reasons for engaging in international tradeidentify the benefits of international tradetell the differences between domestic and international tradeunderstand the major procedure involved in international traderealize the importance of contractSEIB OF GDUFS5Concept of international tradelInternational trade / world trade / foreign trade / overseas tradelThe fair and deliberate exchange of goods and services across national boundaries.lConcerning trade operations of both import and export lIncluding the purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods.SEIB OF GDUFS61.1 Reasons for international tradelResource reasonsNatural resourcesHuman resourcesTechnologylEconomic reasonsBenefitsComparative advantage (David Ricardo)Economies of scalelOther reasonsPolitical reasonsDifferent taste and preferenceSEIB OF GDUFS71.2 Differences from domestic tradelInternational trade involves foreign languages and different culturesforeign laws, customs and regulations or international rulesforeign currencieshigher risks: Political risks, Commercial risks, Financial risks, and Transportation risksmore complex business procedures broader range of management skillsSEIB OF GDUFS81.3 Classification of international tradelFrom the direction of cargo flowExport tradedomestic market international market for saleImport tradeforeign countries domestic market for saleTransit tradeproducing countries via a third country consuming countrySEIB OF GDUFS91.3 Classification of international tradeTypes of transit tradelDirect transit tradeCommodities further transported toward outside along the domestic transportation line without being placed in the bonded warehouse3rd country earns profit by imposing imp. and exp. dutieslIndirect transit tradeCommodities first placed in the bonded warehouse before being transported further without any processing3rd country earns warehousing charges + imp. and exp. dutiesSEIB OF GDUFS101.3 Classification of international trade lFrom the number of participants involvedDirect trade lTwo parties involved: the importer and the exporter Indirect tradelThree parties involved: the exporter, the importer and the intermediate partyEntrept trade lOne party involved: who is the importer, the processor and also the exporter SEIB OF GDUFS111.3 Classification of international tradelFrom the form of the goodsVisible trade / tangible goods tradelMostly consuming goods: cars, wines, shoes etc.lNeeds customs declarationInvisible trade / intangible goods tradel services and technology lNeeds no customs declarationSEIB OF GDUFS121.3 Classification of international tradelFrom settlement instrument involvedBarter trade lExchange of goods or services without an intervening medium of exchange or moneylThe oldest from of tradeFree-liquidation trade lExchange of goods or services with an intervening medium of exchange or moneylCash trade is one form of itSEIB OF GDUFS131.3 Classification of international trade lFrom mode of transportationTrade by RoadwayTrade by SeawayTrade by AirwayTrade by Mail Order SEIB OF GDUFS141.4 Export and import procedureslThe preparation of a transactionlThe negotiation of the contractlThe performance of the contractlThe settlement of disputesSEIB OF GDUFS151.4.1 The preparation of a transactionlSelecting the right market Relevant information of the marketlCultural background and economic situationslPolitical climatelCurrent import and export statisticslGovernment policy on international trade such as trade barriers and restrictionsSources of informationlDomestic organizations: Ministry of Commerce and its provincial committeeslOverseas organizations: Chinese Embassy, the Local banks, the agent and the local newspaper / journal articlesSEIB OF GDUFS161.4.1 The preparation of a transaction lFinding the potential partner Sources of informationlReference provided by the foreign partnerslThe nearest consulate officelInternational or local chamber of commercelConsulting firmslForeign exchange bankslTrade directories and publications17可编辑SEIB OF GDUFS181.4.1 The preparation of a transaction lStudying creditability of the partner Credit reference from the local bank or correspondent bankbusiness range and annual sales volumesales literature and pricelistsmajor customersbusiness cultureSEIB OF GDUFS191.4.1 The preparation of a transaction lApplying for Export or Import LicenseChecking whether the goods to be transacted are within certain export or import controls such as lic