2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题Technology has（ ）the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.问题1选项A.formulatedB.furnishedC.functionedD.facilitated【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。formulated 构想出，用公式表示；furnished供应，装备； functioned运行，行使职责； facilitated 促进，帮助。句意：科技促进了信息的分享和存储以及信息的传递，进而使得更多的信息为更多人所用。D项符合句意，答案D。2. 单选题These varied racial groups have learned to live together in peace and（ ），setting an example well worth following.问题1选项A.harmonyB.graceC.rhythmD.relief【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。harmony和睦，融洽； grace 优雅；rhythm 节奏，韵律；relief救济，减轻； peace and harmony和谐和平，是固定搭配。句意：这些不同的种族群体已学会和平共处地生活在一起，树立了值得学习的榜样。答案A3. 单选题At first everything went well with the project but recently we have had a number of （ ）with the machinery.问题1选项A.disturbancesB.setbacksC.outputsD.distortions【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。disturbance “干扰，骚乱”； setback“挫折，顿挫”； output“输出，产出” ；distortion “变形，扭曲”。句意：开始时，工程进展还算顺利，但是最近机器出现了一些问题。由but可知前后为转折关系，再根据句意可知答案B4. 单选题The two scientists working independently made the same invention（ ）which made it difficult for the government to decide whom the patent is to be granted to.问题1选项A.spontaneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.collaborativelyD.elaborately【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。spontaneously “自发地，不由自主地”；simultaneously“同时地”；collaboratively “合作地”； elaborately “精巧地，苦心经营地”。句意：两个独立工作的科学家几乎同时发明了相同的东西，这让政府部门很难决定将专利权授予谁。由后半句句意可知只有B项符合句意，即只有这两个独立工作的科学家同时发明了相同的东西时，政府才会难以抉择。答案B5. 单选题The wealth of a country should be measured （ ）the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can provide.问题1选项A.in line withB.in terms ofC.in regard toD.by means of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。in line with “与一致”；in terms of “根据，按照”；in regard to “关于，对于”； by means of “凭借”。句意：一个国家的富有程度，应根据国家能提供的商品以及国民的健康和幸福来衡量。由be measured可知B项符合句意。答案B6. 单选题The accountant （ ）thousands of dollars from the charity while appearing to be its best funder raiser.问题1选项A.donatedB.validatedC.embezzledD.certify【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。donate捐赠；validate 证实，验证 ；embezzled 盗用，挪用 ；certify证明，保证。句意：那个会计盗用善款几千美元，却表现出自己是最佳的捐助者。由while可知，前后两句关系为转折，后半句提到“最佳捐赠者”，那么前半句句意应与之相反。故C项符合题意，答案C7. 单选题She was an experienced traveler who had （ ）both Africa and Europe in her twenties.问题1选项A.traversedB.transferredC.trampledD.trespassed【答案】A【解析】考查形似词辨析。 traversed 横越，穿过；transferred 使转移，使调动；trampled 践踏，无视；trespass侵占，侵入。句意：她是一个有经验的旅行者，在她二十多岁的时候就穿越了非洲和欧洲。只有A项符合题意，答案A8. 单选题The author of the report is well （ ）with the problems in the hospital because he has been working there for many years.问题1选项A.acquaintedB.informedC.enlightenedD.advised【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。acquaint “使熟悉；使认识”，常与with连用；inform “通知，报告”，常用搭配be informed of ；enlighten“启蒙、教导”；advise“建议，劝告”。句意：这篇报道的作者非常了解医院的问题，因为他在这家医院已经工作很多年了。A项符合题意，答案A9. 单选题He tried to hide his （ ）patch by sweeping his hair over to one side.问题1选项A.barrenB.baldC.bareD.bleak【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析 barren 贫瘠的；bald 秃头的，赤裸裸的；bare 空的，赤裸的；bleak 暗淡的，昏暗的。句意：他试图把头发梳到一边来掩盖他的秃顶。答案B10. 单选题He said that ending the agreement would （ ）the future of small or family-run shops,lead to fewer books being published and increase prices of all but a few bestsellers.问题1选项A.ventureB.exposeC.jeopardizeD.legalize【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。venture “冒险”；expose“揭露，揭发”；jeopardize “损害”；legalize “使合法化”。句意：他说，终止协议不利于小型或家庭式经营书店未来的发展，那样会减少图书出版量，而且会提高除部分畅销书以外全部图书的价格。由lead to可知是导致不好的结果，故空格处要填贬义词，答案C11. 单选题Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is saidthe words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words.We dont always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words dont mean anything except “Im letting off some steam. I dont really want you to pay close attention to what Im saying. Just pay attention to what Im feeling. Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner. This step has to be fixed before Ill buy. The owner says, Its been like that for years. Actually, the step hasnt been like that for years, but the unspoken message is: I dont want to fix it. We put up with it. Why cant you? The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed by examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said.When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning