Business English ReadingCoursewareBook OneChapter 9Abstracts from Articles on Macro-Economic Policies宏观经济政策文摘宏观经济政策文摘Made by Zhang guojian单元教学目的通过提取关键词来提取标题。本章阅读技巧提示如何通过提取关键词来提取标题？ 此类题型考查考生对文章的整体领悟和概括能力，它要求所提取的文章标题应能涵盖文章内容，体现主题，即不能“太大”，也不可“太小”或过于片面。 做这类题目应注意以下技巧： 第一、仔细阅读材料首段文字，它可预测全文主旨大意，有助于对文章的整体理解。第二、注意首句和尾句的理解。这是英语的写作特点。说明文、议论文常在首句点题或在尾句加以概括总结。因此，研读首、尾句，对快速找到答案有帮助。第三、捕捉关键词。它是有代表性、出现频率高、概括性强的重要词语，可运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读去搜寻。第四、注意文章的主题句。主题句往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用，主旨大意题，归纳概括题，中心思想题往往可直接从主题句中找到答案。 一般而言，主题句的位置常常位于三个地方： 1、段落的开头。其后的句子则是论证性细节，这是用演绎法撰写的文章，这时主题句就是文章的第一句。在论说文、科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。2、段落的结尾。用归纳法撰写的文章，作者先摆出事实依据，层层推理论证，最后自然地得出结论，即段落的主题。此时主题句就是文章的最后一句。3、短文中间。当主题句被安排在段落中间时，通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。当然也有些文章没有主题句，需要读者自己去归纳。Step OneFirst, read Material One under teachers instructions.Then teacher gives hints or tips for reading.Finally, teacher checks the answers and gives explanations. On Aug. 10, 2021, the U.S. Senate approved a long-awaited 1.2-trillion-dollar bipartisan infrastructure bill after months of strenuous negotiations, though analysts are concerned that this legislation falls short of its promise to be fully paid for. In a speech at the White House, President Joe Biden said he is happy to mark this significant milestone on the road toward making long-overdue, much-needed investments in basic, hard infrastructure of this nation. The president noted that forecasters on Wall Street project that over the next 10 years, such investments will create an additional 2 million jobs a year beyond what was already projected. The infrastructure bill, despite a political victory for President Joe Biden, is much smaller than the size of what he originally proposed. Despite that, budget groups argued the administration would most likely have to borrow heavily to fund the projects, pushing up the already ballooning deficit. James Pethokoukis, a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, urged policymakers to pay attention to the worthiness of infrastructure projects. The point here is that there can be diminishing returns from spending, Pethokoukis argued in an earlier article. And we should not overestimate the impact of infrastructure investment in an advanced, built-out economy like Americas. Maya MacGuineas, president of the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, a U.S. watchdog group, urged the House of Representatives to improve the legislation by supplementing the current pay-fors with additional revenue, spending reforms, and user fees, for the benefit of the nations long-term fiscal and economic outlook. According to the American Society of Civil Engineers, the countrys infrastructure scores a C minus, with 43 percent of public roadways in poor or mediocre condition, and 7.5 percent of the nations bridges structurally deficient. The group noted that the United States has been underinvesting in its infrastructure for decades. In 2019, the country spent just 2.5 percent of its gross domestic product (GDP) on infrastructure, down from 4.2 percent in the 1930s, said the organization, adding that the COVID-19 pandemic has made a difficult situation worse. Therefore, in late March, Biden unveiled a roughly 2-trillion-U.S.-dollar infrastructure plan, but it was harshly criticized by Republican lawmakers, who argued it is not targeted on infrastructure and costs too much. After months of negotiations, a bipartisan group of senators reached an agreement on a 1.2-trillion-dollar infrastructure bill, which includes 550 billion dollars in new spending on infrastructure projects, such as roads, bridges, passenger rails, drinking water and waste water systems. The rest of the package involves previously approved spending. In addition, just at one day before the infrastructure bill was approved, i.e. Aug. 9, U.S. Democrats released a separate 3.5-trillion-dollar spending plan, through which Democratic leaders have been seeking to enact most of Bidens social-spending agenda without Republican support. The massive package, which focuses on childcare, education, health care and climate policy, is expected to be approved in the Senate via the budget reconciliation process, which only requires a simple majority to pass a legislation. Step TwoStudents read Material Two themselves firstly.Then teacher checks the answers without giving explanations.vocabulary1.infrastructure 基础设施2.budget 预算；政府预算案3.deficit 亏损，赤字 4.revenue 税收收入；财政收入；收益5.fiscal 财政的6.fiscal revenue 财政收入7.loan 贷款，借款8.prudent and neutral monetary policy 稳健中性的货币政策9.proactive fiscal policy 积极的财政政策 10.forestall financial risks 防范金融风险11.free trade zone pilot areas 自由贸易试验区12.negative list 负面清单，不准进口商品单13.intellectual property 知识产权；著作权14.new development philosophy 新发展理念15.supply-side structural reform 供给侧结构性改革16.market-oriented reform 市场化改革17.stabilize employment 稳定就业18.financial sector 金融业，金融部门，财经界，金融行业19.tax and fee cut 减税和降费20.manufacturing sector 制造业；制造部门21.multinational enterprise 跨国公司22.zombie enterprise 僵尸企业23.industrial clusters 产业集群