. .语法七大语法考试重点一 独立主格一： 独立主格构造的构成： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词； 名词(代词)+形容词； 名词(代词)+副词； 名词(代词)+不定式； 名词(代词) +介词短语构成。二 独立主格构造的特点：1独立主格构造的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。3独立主格构造一般有逗号与主句分开。举例：The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. This done, we went home.The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.He came into the room, his ears red with cold.He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.二 过去完成时1 概念：表示过去的过去其构成是had +过去分词构成。2 用法a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris.b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didn t.3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 典型例题 The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office. A. had written, leftB，were writing, has left C. had written, had leftD. were writing, had left注意：had no sooner than刚 就 He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.三 强调构造考试重点： 强调句型的根本形式It iswas+被强调局部+thatwho；强调句型用来强调状语。一、强调句型的根本形式It iswas+被强调局部+thatwho。二、强调句型用来强调状语。1、It was in that small room_ they worked hard and dreamed of better days to come.A. whereB. in whichC. whichd. that2、It is because she is very devoted to her students _she is respected by them.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. who 3、It was not until she arrived in class _realized she had forgotten her book.A. and sheB. whenC. sheD. that she四 情态动词考试重点：情态动词+完成时情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语。根据这几年的考试看，着重测验情态动词接完成时的用法。一、must +现在完成时表示对已发生的事情的一种肯定的猜测。1、Mr. Green _ my letter, otherwise he would have replied before now.A. must have received B. must have failed to receive C. must receive D. must fail to receive2、I believe he _ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.A. would have had B. could have had C. should have had D. must have had二、should ought to +完成时表示应该做的事情而没有做，否认式表示不该做的事情做了。含有对过去的动作的责备、批评。1、They have done things they ought _.A. not to do B. not to be done C. not to have done D. not having done2、Im sorry I couldnt get in touch with him before he left, I _ him earlier.A. had a telephoneB. have phoned C. should have phonedD. should be phoned三、could +完成时表示能做的事情而没有做。表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遗憾。1、He could have joined us, but he didnt get our invitation in time.2、I could have passed, but I did not study hard enough.五 虚拟语气 考试重点：虚拟语气的根本形式和用法；if的省略形式；含蓄条件句；以wishthat引导的表示愿望的宾语从句；would rather 引导的从句；以as if, as though 引导的从句；以suggest, advise, insist 等词后引导的宾语从句；It is necessaryimportantthat引导的主语从句；It is time that句型中。一、虚拟语气的根本形式和用法：虚拟条件语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I _ him.A. had known B. have known C. knew D. know2、Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _ the same languageA. spoke B. speak C. had spoken D. will speak3、If Bob_ with us, he would have had a good time.A. would come B. would have come C. had come D. came二、if的省略形式在虚拟条件句中， 如谓语包含were , had, should等词， 那么可以把这些词放到主语前面，省略if。1、_ you were busy, I wouldn t have bothered you with my questions.A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. Did I have realized that D. As I realized2、_, I should ask them some questions.A. Should they come to us B. If they come to us C. Were they come to us D. Had they come to us三、含蓄条件句有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with，without，but for。1、Without your help, we _ so much.A. didnt achieve B. would not have achieved C. will not achieve D. dont achieve2、But for the rain, we _ a nice holiday.A. should have B. would have had C. would have D. will have had四、以wishthat引导的表示愿望的宾语从句wish后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。表示现在或将来的愿望用：主语wish 从句主语过去时；表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用：主语wish +从句主语过去完成时；1、Peter wishes that he _ law instead of literature when he was in college.A. could study B. studied C. had studied D. would studyI didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _