2012年考研英语一真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,Cor D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 pointsRead the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,Cor D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 pointsThe ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issuerecently.The court cannot 1 its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law 2 justices behave likepoliticians.Yet,in several instances,justices acted in ways that 3 the courts reputation forbeing independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia,for example,appeared at political events.That kind of activity makesit less likely that the courts decisions will be 4 as impartial judgments.Part of the problem isthat the justices are not 5 by an ethics code.At the very least,the court should make itself 6 tothe code of conduct that 7 to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases 8 the question of whether there is still a 9 between the courtand politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law 10 having authority apart from politics.They gave justices permanent positions 11 they would be free to 12 those in power and haveno need to 13 political support.Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politicsprecisely because they are so closely 14.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social15 like liberty and property.When the court deals with social policy decisions,the law it 16 isinescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily 17 asunjust.The justices must 18 doubts about the courts legitimacy by making themselves 19 to thecode of conduct.That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and,20,convincing as law.1.A emphasize Bmaintain Cmodify D recognize2.Awhen Blest Cbefore D unless3.Arestored Bweakened Cestablished D eliminated4.Achallenged Bcompromised Csuspected D accepted5.Aadvanced Bcaught Cbound Dfounded6.Aresistant Bsubject Cimmune Dprone7.Aresorts Bsticks Cloads Dapplies8.Aevade Braise Cdeny Dsettle9.Aline Bbarrier Csimilarity Dconflict10.Aby Bas Cthough Dtowards11.Aso Bsince Cprovided Dthough12.Aserve Bsatisfy Cupset Dreplace13.Aconfirm Bexpress Ccultivate Doffer14.Aguarded Bfollowed Cstudied Dtied15.Aconcepts Btheories Cdivisions Dconceptions16.Aexcludes Bquestions Cshapes Dcontrols17.Adismissed Breleased Cranked Ddistorted18.Asuppress Bexploit Caddress Dignore19.Aaccessible Bamiable Cagreeable Daccountable20.Aby all means Bat all costs Cin a word Das a resultSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Come on-Everybodys doing it.That whispered message,half invitation and half forcing,iswhat most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure.It usually leads to nogood-drinking,drugs and casual sex.But in her new book Join the Club,Tina Rosenberg contendsthat peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure,in whichorganizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve theirlives and possibly the word.Rosenberg,the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize,offers a host of example of the social cure inaction:In South Carolina,a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Hazesets out to make cigarettes uncool.In South Africa,an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising,and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer.Her critique of thelameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on:they fail to mobilize peer pressure forhealthy habits,and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology/Dare tobe different,please dont smoke!”pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smokingamong teenagers-teenagers,who desire nothing more than fitting in.Rosenberg arguesconvincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers,so skilled atapplying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure,Rosenberg is less persuasive.Join theClub is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social andbiological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.The most glaring flaw of the social cureas its presented here is that it doesnt work very well for very long.Rage Against the Haze failedonce state funding was cut.Evidence that the Love Life program produces lasting changes islimited and mixed.Theres no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior.Anemerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spreadthrough networks of friends via social communication.This is a subtle form of peer pressure:weunconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain,however,is how s