Visit the National Academies Press online,the authoritative source for all books from the National Academy of Sciences,the National Academy of Engineering,the Institute of Medicine,and the National Research Council:Download hundreds of free books in PDF Read thousands of books online for free Explore our innovative research tools try the“Research Dashboard”now!Sign up to be notified when new books are published Purchase printed books and selected PDF files Thank you for downloading this PDF.If you have comments,questions or just want more information about the books published by the National Academies Press,you may contact our customer service department toll-free at 888-624-8373,visit us online,or send an email to feedbacknap.edu.This book plus thousands more are available at http:/www.nap.edu.Copyright National Academy of Sciences.All rights reserved.Unless otherwise indicated,all materials in this PDF File are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences.Distribution,posting,or copying is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press.Request reprint permission for this book.ISBN:0-309-59340-9,206 pages,6 x 9,(1998)This PDF is available from the National Academies Press at:http:/www.nap.edu/catalog/6163.htmlhttp:/www.nap.edu/catalog/6163.htmlWe ship printed books within 1 business day;personal PDFs are available immediately.Ensuring Safe Food:From Production to Consumption Committee to Ensure Safe Food from Production to Consumption,Institute of Medicine and National Research Council Ensuring Safe FoodFrom Production toConsumptionCommittee to Ensure Safe Food from Production to ConsumptionINSTITUTE OF MEDICINENATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCILNATIONAL ACADEMY PRESSWashington,D.C.1998iAbout this PDF file:This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created from the original paper book,not from theoriginal typesetting files.Page breaks are true to the original;line lengths,word breaks,heading styles,and other typesetting-specific formatting,however,cannot beretained,and some typographic errors may have been accidentally inserted.Please use the print version of this publication as the authoritative version for attribution.Copyright National Academy of Sciences.All rights reserved.Ensuring Safe Food:From Production to Consumptionhttp:/www.nap.edu/catalog/6163.htmlNATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS 2101 Constitution Avenue,N.W.Washington,DC 20418NOTICE:The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of theNational Research Council,whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academyof Sciences,the National Academy of Engineering,and the Institute of Medicine.The members ofthe committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regardfor appropriate balance.The National Academy of Sciences is a private,nonprofit,self-perpetuating society of distin-guished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research,dedicated to the furtherance ofscience and technology and to their use for the general welfare.Upon the authority of the chartergranted to it by the Congress in 1863,the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the fed-eral government on scientific and technical matters.Dr.Bruce Alberts is president of the NationalAcademy of Sciences.The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964,under the charter of theNational Academy of Sciences,as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers.It is autonomousin its administration and in the selection of its members,sharing with the National Academy of Sci-ences the responsibility for advising the federal government.The National Academy of Engineeringalso sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs,encourages education andresearch,and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers.Dr.William A.Wulf is presidentof the National Academy of Engineering.The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences toenlist distinguished members of the appropriate professions in the examination of policy matterspertaining to the health of the public.In this,the Institute acts under both the Academys 1863 con-gressional charter responsibility to be an adviser to the federal government and its own initiative inidentifying issues of medical care,research,and education.Dr.Kenneth I.Shine is president of theInstitute of Medicine.The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 tolink the broad community of science and technology with the Academys purposes of furtheringknowledge and advising the federal government.Functioning in accordance with general policiesdetermined by the Academy,the Council has become the principal operating agency of both theNational Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services tothe government,the public,and the scientific and engineering communities.The Council is adminis