句子成分句子成分与句子基本类型与句子基本类型句子句子v句子是由词按照一定的句子是由词按照一定的语法结构语法结构组成组成的的,是表达一个是表达一个完整概念完整概念的语言单位。的语言单位。v句子开头的第一个字母要大写;结尾句子开头的第一个字母要大写;结尾要有句号要有句号“.”、问号、问号“?”或感叹号或感叹号“”。vTom likes rock music.vWhat are you doing now?vHow beautiful it is!句子成分句子成分v构成句子的各个部分构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。叫做句子成分。v主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。语、补足语、同位语和插入语。vTom likes rock music.vHelikesreadinginthereadingroom.vTheboyintheclassroomisTom.基本句型基本句型v句型一句型一:主语主语+谓语谓语(不及物动词不及物动词)Birdsfly.(鸟飞鸟飞。)v句型二句型二:主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语 ShelikesEnglish.(她喜她喜欢欢英英语语。)v句型三句型三:主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语 Theyarehonest.(他他们们是是诚实诚实的。的。)基本句型基本句型v句型四句型四:主主语语+谓语谓语+间间接接宾语宾语+直接直接宾语宾语HegaveTomabook.他他给汤给汤姆了一本姆了一本书书。v句型五句型五:主主语语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补宾语补足足语语Isawherdance.我看我看见见他跳舞。他跳舞。v特殊句型特殊句型:Therebe句型句型Thereisababy.这这里有个小孩。里有个小孩。句子成分之句子成分之 主语主语v主主语语是在句子中是在句子中说说明全句中心主明全句中心主题题的的部分。一般由部分。一般由名名词词、代代词词、不定式不定式或或者相当于者相当于名名词词的的词词或者或者短短语语构成构成。v一般放在句首。一般放在句首。vWallshaveears.vHe willtakeyoutothehospital.vThree plusfourequalsseven.句子成分之句子成分之 主语主语vTo seeistobelieve.(不定式不定式)vSmokingisnotallowedinpublicplaces.(动动名名词词)vWhether or not they will comedependsontheweather.(从句从句)句子成分之句子成分之 谓语谓语v谓语说谓语说明主明主语语“做什么做什么”、“是什么是什么”或或者者“怎么怎么样样”,有有简单动词简单动词和和动词动词短短语语构成。构成。vWestudyhard.vActionspeakslouderthanwords.vThechance may nevercomeagain.vMaryhas been working atthedressshopsince1994句子成分之句子成分之 表语表语v表表语语位于系位于系动词动词之后,之后,说说明主明主语语“是什么是什么”或者或者“怎么怎么样样”,由名,由名词词、形容、形容词词、副、副词词、介介词词短短语语、不定式及短、不定式及短语语来担当。来担当。vMyfatherisa professor.vWhosthat?Itsme.vEverythinghereisexpensive.vThematchbecamevery exciting.句子成分之句子成分之 表语表语vThestoryofmylifemaybeof help to others.vThreetimesfiveisfifteen.vHisplanisto seek workinthecity.vMyfirstideawas that you should hide your feelings.句子成分之句子成分之 宾语宾语v宾语在谓语之后,是动作、行为的对宾语在谓语之后,是动作、行为的对象,有名词、代词、不定式或者相当象,有名词、代词、不定式或者相当于名词的词、短语担任,它和及物动于名词的词、短语担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。词一起说明主语做什么。vShecoveredher face withherhands.vWehaventseenherforalongtime.vDoyoumindopening thewindow?句子成分之句子成分之 宾语宾语vGiveme fourplease.vHewantsto dream a nice dream.vWeneedknowwhat others are doing.vWeshouldcaremoreaboutourfriends.(介介词词+名名词词)宾语种类:宾语种类:v双双宾语宾语(间间接接宾语宾语+直接直接宾语宾语)vYoulendme your dictionary.vMymotherboughtmybrotheracomputer.v复合复合宾语宾语(宾语宾语+宾语补宾语补足足语语)vTheyelectedhim their monitor.v Ifindthehomeworkdifficulttofinish.句子成分之句子成分之 宾语补足语宾语补足语v英英语语有些及物有些及物动词动词,除了要有除了要有宾语宾语之外,之外,还还要加上要加上宾语补宾语补足足语语,才能使句子的意才能使句子的意义义完整。完整。宾语宾语和和宾语补宾语补足足语语一起构成一起构成动动词词的复合的复合结结构构。vTheyelectedmecaptain of the team.vWetrytomakeourcountrystrong.v Wefoundeverythingin good order there.(介介词词短短语语)句子成分之句子成分之 宾语补足语宾语补足语vIshouldadviseyouto get the chance.(to do 不定式不定式)vIsawhimgoing upstairs.(doing现现在分在分词词)vThey found the house broken in.(done过过去分去分词词)句子成分之句子成分之 定语定语v定定语语用来修用来修饰饰名名词词或者或者代代词词。形容。形容词词、代、代词词、数、数词词、名、名词词、介、介词词短短语语、不定式或者相当于形容不定式或者相当于形容词词的的词词或者短或者短语语都可以担任定都可以担任定语语。vTheyare womenworkers.vTomsfatherdidntwritehomeuntilyesterday.(名名词词所有格所有格)vMaryisabeautifulgirl.句子成分之句子成分之 定语定语vTheplayhasthreeacts.vThisisher firsttripto Europe.(代代词词、数、数词词、不定式、不定式)vChinaisadeveloping country.(现现在分在分词词)vIhavenothingto eat.(不定式不定式)vThosewho want to go to Tibet aretosigntheirnameshere.(定定语语从句从句)句子成分之句子成分之 状语状语v状状语语修修饰饰动词动词、形容形容词词、副副词词或或整个整个句子句子,说说明明动动作或状作或状态态的特征状的特征状语语表表示地点、示地点、时间时间、原因、目的、原因、目的、结结果、果、条件、条件、让让步、伴随情况等。步、伴随情况等。vHediditcarefully.vWithouthishelp,wecouldntworkitout.(介介词词短短语语做条件状做条件状语语。)句子成分之句子成分之 状语状语v(In order)to catch up with my classmates,I must study hard.(不定式做目的状不定式做目的状语语)vThebestfishswimnear the bottom.(地点状地点状语语)vIleftthevillagefive years ago.vI arrived late because of the traffic jam.(原因状原因状语语)句子成分之句子成分之 状语状语vHeoftencomestovisitus.(副副词词)vThefishcaneatapersonintwominutes,leaving only bones.(结结果状果状语语)vThestudentscameintotheclassroom,singing and dancing.(伴随伴随状状语语)vIf he goes,sowillI.(条件状条件状语语)句子成分之句子成分之 同位语同位语v放在名放在名词词后面后面,与前面的名与前面的名词词指的是指的是同一同一人人或或物物。代代词词、名名词词、数数词词和和从从句句都可以做同位都可以做同位语语。vWestudents shouldstudyhard.(名名词词)vWeallarestudents.(代代词词)vThisisMr.Green,managerofourcompany.(名名词词短短语语)句子成分之句子成分之 同位语同位语vWethreewillgotheretogether.(数数词词做同位做同位语语)vThenewsthat our team got the first placemadeeveryonesoexcited.(that引引导导的从句就是的从句就是news的内容的内容)ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语指出下列句中主语的中心词指出下列句中主语的中心词vTheteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.vThereisanoldmancominghere.vTheusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.vTodotodayshomeworkwithouttheteachershelpisverydifficult.指出下列句中的宾语指出下列句中的宾语vMybrotherhasntdonehishomework.vPeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.vHowmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?vTheoldmansittingatthegatesaidthathewasill.一个完整的句子做一个完整的句子做宾语宾语,那么这个句子叫那么这个句子叫宾语宾语从句。从句。指出下列句中的表语指出下列句中的表语vTheoldmanwasfeelingverytired.vTheleaveshaveturnedyellow.vSoon,theyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.vHishopeistobeateacher.vMydreamisthatIcanbeadmittedintoakeyuniversity.指出下列句中的定语指出下列句中的定语v1.Whatisyourlastname?v2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottocleanthefloor.v3.Doyouknowthemanstandingatthedoor?v4.Helikesthefilmwhichhesawlastweek.指出下列句中的宾语补足语指出下列句中的宾语补足语vHeaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.vShefounditdifficulttodothework.vTheycallmeLilysometimes.vIsawMr.Wanggetonthebus