苹果中含有的几种多酚类化合物抗氧化及抗炎症活性研究
符号说明
DMEM: Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium, DMEM培养基
FBS: fetal bovine serum, 胎牛血清
PBS: phosphate buffered saline, 磷酸缓冲溶液
HBSS: Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution, Hank平衡盐溶液
CAA: Cellular Antioxidant Activity, 细胞抗氧化活性
DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide, 二甲基亚砜
LPS: lipopolysaccharide, 脂多糖
5-CQA: 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸/5-咖啡酰奎宁酸
COX: cyclooxygenase, 环氧合酶
TNF: tumor necrosis factor, 肿瘤坏死因子
CI: Combination Index, 合用指数
MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, 噻唑蓝 (商品名)
DCFH-DA: 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescin diacetate, 2’,7’-二氯荧光素双乙酸酯
ABAP: 2,2’-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, 2,2’-偶氮二 (2-甲基丙基咪) 二盐酸盐
目录
摘要 I
Abstract III
1前言 1
1.1苹果及其多酚类化合物概述 1
1.2苹果多酚类化合物对健康的益处:体外和体内研究 2
1.2.1苹果多酚的抗癌作用 2
1.2.2抗高血压作用 4
1.2.3抗炎症作用 4
1.2.4保护胃作用 5
1.2.5抗肥胖作用 6
1.2.6免疫调节作用 7
1.2.7抗溃疡作用 7
1.2.8抗动脉粥样硬化作用 7
1.2.9抗糖尿病视网膜病变作用 8
1.2.10肝脏保护作用 8
1.2.11抗过敏作用 8
1.3多酚的交互作用:体外和体内研究 9
1.3.1多酚类化合物的抗氧化交互作用 10
1.3.2多酚类化合物的其他交互作用 10
1.4研究目的、意义及内容 12
1.4.1研究目的及意义 12
1.4.2主要研究内容 12
2材料与方法 12
2.1主要实验材料 12
2.2主要试剂和耗材 13
2.3仪器设备 14
2.4材料和试剂的配制方法 14
2.4.1格里斯试剂A、B液的配制 14
2.4.2 LPS的配制 15
2.5实验方法 15
2.5.1总黄酮含量测定 15
2.5.2福林酚还原能力测定 16
2.5.3细胞抗氧化活性测定 18
2.5.3.1 HepG2细胞基础培养 19
2.5.3.2细胞毒性实验 (MTT法) 19
2.5.3.3细胞抗氧化活性细胞模型的建立 20
2.5.3.4细胞抗氧化活性的定量计算 21
2.5.4 NO抑制实验 (格里斯试剂法) 22
2.5.5受试物交互作用的评价对象和方法 24
2.5.6统计分析方法 25
3结果与分析 25
3.1总黄酮含量法分析苹果中四种黄酮类化合物的交互作用 25
3.2福林酚试剂法分析七种多酚类化合物的交互作用 27
3.3苹果中多酚类化合物的细胞抗氧化活性及其交互作用 31
3.3.1细胞毒性实验 31
3.3.2细胞抗氧化活性方法的建立 31
3.3.3苹果中多酚类化合物的细胞抗氧化活性测定及分析 31
3.4苹果中多酚类化合物的抗炎症活性及其交互作用 40
4讨论 44
参考文献 48
摘要
苹果中的多酚类化合物品种繁多,含量丰富,在医药、食品等领域具有广阔的应用前景。本论文采用体外化学方法和细胞模型评价体系,研究了苹果中含有的几种多酚类化合物的抗氧化和抗炎症活性,并对其可能存在的交互作用进行了评价。主要研究内容和结果如下:
1.采用氯化铝显色法测定了槲皮素、(+)-儿茶素、(−)-表儿茶素以及芦丁等4种黄酮类化合物单独使用及两两合用的总黄酮含量,并将合用后的测定值与理论值进行比较,建立评价交互作用的方法。实验结果表明,(+)-儿茶素与(−)-表儿茶素合用后,其总黄酮含量显著提高,说明该组合产生协同作用;(+)-儿茶素与芦丁的组合则与之相反,产生拮抗作用。其它组合测定值与理论值均未呈现显著性差异,表明这些组合在测定中呈现出加和效应。
2.采用福林酚试剂法测定了槲皮素、(+)-儿茶素、(−)-表儿茶素、芦丁、5-咖啡酰奎宁酸、阿魏酸及没食子酸等7种多酚类化合物单独使用及两两合用的福林酚还原能力,并将测定值与理论值进行比较,建立评价交互作用的方法。实验结果表明,槲皮素与芦丁的组合、(−)-表儿茶素与5-咖啡酰奎宁酸的组合、芦丁与没食子酸的组合、5-咖啡酰奎宁酸与阿魏酸的组合,其福林酚还原能力实际值显著大于理论值,说明这些组合在测定时产生了协同作用;与之相反,(+)-儿茶素与(−)-表儿茶素的组合产生了拮抗作用。其他组合没食子酸当量浓度理论值和实际值无显著性差异,表明这些组合在测定中呈现加和作用。
3.采用HepG2细胞模型研究了槲皮素、5-咖啡酰奎宁酸、(+)-儿茶素与(−)-表儿茶素的抗氧化活性。在分析单药抗氧化作用的基础上,采用1:1、1:3和3:1三种物质的量浓度比例进行两两组合实验,又将其中任意三种、四种化合物采用等物质的量浓度比例进行合用实验,研究这些组合可能存在的抗氧化交互作用。结果表明,多酚类化合物合用后,在部分比例浓度范围内产生协同抗氧化作用,随着组合中化合物种类的增加,产生协同作用的组合所占比例明显上升。
4.采用脂多糖诱导小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7模型研究了槲皮素、5-咖啡酰奎宁酸、(+)-儿茶素与(−)-表儿茶素的抗炎症作用。在此基础上,又将其中任意两种、三种和四种成分按等物质的量浓度比例组合分析其抗炎症交互作用。结果表明,多酚类化合物合用后,在部分比例和浓度范围内产生对NO的协同抑制作用;随着组合中化合物种类的增加,产生协同作用的组合所占比例明显上升。
关键词:苹果;多酚类化合物;抗氧化;抗炎症;交互作用
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammation Effects of Several Polyphenols in Apple
Abstract
Apple polyphenols are well known for their wide variety and abundance, and have broad application prospect in pharmaceutical, food and other fields. In this paper, in vitro chemical methods and cellular evaluation models were adopted to study the antioxidant and anti- inflammation activities of several polyphenols in apple and their potential interactions. The main research contents and results are as follows:
1. The total flavonoids contents of 4 kinds of flavonoids compounds, quercetin, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and rutin were determined by aluminum chloride method. Both individual compounds and their combinations were studied, and the measured values of the combinations were compared with the theoretical values. The results showed that when (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin were combined, their total flavonoids content increased significantly, indicating that synergistic effect appeared; on the contrary, in the combination of (+)-catechin and rutin, antagonistic effect was observed. There were no significant difference between the measured values and the theoretical values of other combinations, indicating that these combinations showed additive effect in the assay.
2. Folin-Ciocalteu reducing capacities of 7 kinds of phenolic compounds, quercetin, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, rutin, 5-caffeoylquinic acid and gallic acid were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method. Both individual compounds and their combinations were studied, and the measured values of the combinations were compared with the theoretical values. The results showed that in the combinations of quercetin and rutin, (-)-epicatechin and 5-caffeoylquinic acid, rutin and gallic acid, and 5-caffeoylquinic acid and ferulic acid, the measured values of their Folin-Ciocalteu reducing capacity were significantly greater than the theoretical ones, indicating synergistic effect; on the contrary, when (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin were combined, antagonistic effect was observed. The measured values of other combinations showed no significant difference with the theoretical values, indicating that these combinations showed additive effect in the assay.
3. In