2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二）真题卷【Section I Use of English】Directions：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Its not difficult to set targets for staff.It is much harder,to understand their negativeconsequences.Most work-related behaviors have multiple components.one and the other becomedistorted.Travel on a London bus and youll see how this works with drivers.Watch people get on andshow their tickets.Are they are carefully inspected?Never.Do people get on without paying?Of course!Arethere inspectors to that people have paid?Possibly,but very few.And people who run for the bus?They are.How about jumping lights?Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.Why?Because the target is.People complained that buses were late and infrequent,the number of buses and bus lanes were increased,and drivers were or punished according tothe time they took.And drivers hit their targets.But they hit cyclists.If the target was changed to,you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing.If the criterion was changed to safety,you would get more drivers who obeyed traffic laws.But both these criteria would be at the expenseof time.There is another:people become immensely inventive in hitting targets.Have you that youcan leave on a fight an hour late but still arrive on time?Tailwind?Of course not!Airlines have simplychanged the time a is meant to take.A one-hour flight is now billed as a two-hour flight.The of the story is simple,Most jobs are multidimensional with multiple criteria.Choose onecriterion and you may well others.Everything can be done faster and made cheaper,but there is a.Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences.This is not an argument against target-setting.But it is an argument for exploring consequences first.Allgood targets should have multiple criteria critical factors such as time,money,quality and customerfeedback.The trick is not to just one or even two dimensions of the objective,but also to understandbow to help people better the objective.12345678910111213141516171819201.thereforeAhoweverBagainCmoreoverD2.EmphasizeAIdentifyBAssessCExplainD3.nearlyAcuriouslyBeagerlyCquicklyD4.claimAproveBcheckCrecallD5.threatenedAignoredBmockedCblamedD6.punctualityAhospitalityBcompetitionCinnovationD7.YetASoBBesidesCStillD【Section II Reading Comprehension（Part A）】Directions：Read the following four texts.Answer the questionsbelow each text by by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)8.hiredAtrainedBrewardedCgroupedD9.onlyAratherBonceCalsoDfortArevenueBefficiencyCsecurityD11.friendlyAquietBcautiousCdiligentD12.purposeAproblemBprejudiceCpolicyD13.reportedArevealedBadmittedCnoticedD14.breakAtripBdepartureCtransferD15.moralAbackgroundBstyleCformD16.interpretAcriticizeBsacrificeCtolerateD17.taskAsecretBproductCcostD18.leading toAcalling forBrelating toCaccounting forD19.specifyApredictBrestoreCcreateD20.modifyAreviewBpresentCachieveDText 1“Reskilling”is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we plan to have afuture in which a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind.We know we are moving into a periodwhere the jobs in demand will change rapidly,so will the requirements of the jobs that remain.Research bythe World Economic Forum finds that on average 42 per cent of the“core skills”within job roles will changeby 2022.That is a very short timeline.The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one.For individual companies,the temptationis always to let go of workers whose skills are no longer in demand and replace them with those whose skillsare better.That does not always happen.AT&T is often given as the gold standard of a company that decidedto do a massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy.Other companies had alsopledged to create their own plans.When the skill mismatch is in the broader economy,though,the focususually turns to government to handle.Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best,and have given us a situation where we frequently hear of employers begging for workers,even at times andin regions where unemployment is high.With the pandemic,unemployment is very high indeed.In February,at 3.5 percent and 5.5 percentrespectively，unemployment rates in Canada and United States were at generational lows and workershortages were everywhere.As of May,those rates had spiked up to 13.3 per cent and 13.7 per cent,andalthough many worker shortages had disappeared,not all had done so.In the medical field,to take anobvious example,the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages of doctors,nurses and othermedical personnel.Of course,it is not like you can take and unemployed waiter and train him to be a doctor in a few weeks.But even if you cannot close that gap,may be you can close others,and doing so would be to the benefit ofall concerned.That seems to be the case in Sweden:When forced