Lesson 1II. VocabularyA. Choose the best word from the four choices to complete each of the following sentences.1. There has been much opposition from some social groups, from the farming community.A. straightforwardly B. notably C. virtually D. exceptionally2. The view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline, dependency, isolation, and often poverty.A. predominant B. credulous C. inclusive D. sustainable3. But gifts such as these cannot be awarded to everybody, either by judges or by the most of governments./ rewardrewardingA. tough B. demanding C. diverse D. benign4. The foreman read the of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.A. prejudice B. verification C. verdictD. punishment5. They fear it could have a(n) effect on global financial markets.A. sizeable B. adverse(negative) C. beneficial D. consequential6. The UN threatened to economic sanctions if the Udks were broken off.A. engage B. pursue C. abandon/abundant D. invoke7. There are at least four crucial differences between the new and the old government.A. regimeB. hegemony C. complex D. federation/ fedalfederal, confederate)8. These questions a challenge to established attitude of superiority toward the outside world.A. evolve B. Constitute 形成 C. tolerate D. aroused9. Because of this, a strong administrative was needed to plan the use of scarce resources, organize production and regulate distribution.A. apparatus B. constitutionC. insistence D. promotion10. I learnt that there are no genuinely animals in this area, all the animals were brought here from other places.C. indigenous D. extinctA. endangered B. domesticatedB. Choose the hest word or expression from the list given for each Honk Use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.point upby and largetake indescentfor good or illleave asidecrystal cleardie outendanger lay. at the door of1. The book concludes with a review of the possible impact (influence) of more intimate computers for good or ill, in various areas of human life.2. Moreover, it had become clear from the opinion polls that the unpopularity of the new tax was being laid al the door of the government which had introduced it, rather than the local authorities who were responsible for levying and collecting it.3. This case gave the example of breaking someones arm: that is a really serious injury, but one which is unlikely to endanger the victims life.4. Many of those who hold it live in poor areas and some are Colored, that is (i.e./ namely), of mixed European and African descent.5. This debate is important because it poinis up (stress/ emphasize) that the facts are not necessarily as simple and straightforward as they might at first sight seem.6. In the beginning, the meaning of life might be debated, but once past the first period, many of the conversations follow a well-worn route from one topic to (he next and back again, taking in most of human life.7. But since agriculture forms the basis (base) of our indusiry, it was. by and large (on the whole), also an intensiGcation of the crisis in the national economy in general.8. Let us leave aside other relevant factors such as education, career structure, pay and conditions of service and concentrate on (focus on) manpower management,(relate A to B)9. It is true that the exact nature of this issue is uncertain. However, one thing is crystal clear: it will not endanger the planet and its inhabitants.10. But if animal populations are too small, then they simply die out.III. ClozeThere are ten blanks in the following passage. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices given for each blank, criteria: (1 )semantic/ (2)grammalicA simplified form of the English language based on 850 key words was developed in the late 1920s by the English psychologist Charles Kay Ogden and _1_ by the English educator I. A. Richards. Known as Basic English, it was used mainly to teach English to non-English-speaking persons and _2 as an international language. The complexities of English spelling and grammar, however, were major 3 to the adoption of Basic English as a second language.The fundamental principle of Basic English was that any idea, _4 complex, may be reduced to simple units of thought and expressed clearly by a limited number of everyday words. The 850-word primary vocabulary was 5 600 nouns (representing things or events), 150 adjectives (for qualities and 6 ), and 100 general operational words, mainly verbs and prepositions. Almost all the words were in _J_ use in English-speaking countries. More than 60 percent of them were one-syllable words. The basic vocabulary was created 8 by eliminating _9 the use of 18 basic verbs, such as make, get, do, have, and be.Numerous words which have the same or similar meanings and by verbs, such as make, gel, do, have, and b