绝密U启用前2023年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英 语（一）（科目代码201）考生注意事项1.答题前，考生必须在试题册指定位置上填写考生姓名和考生编号；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的试卷条形码粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔或者钢笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。5.考试结束后，将答题卡和试题册按规定一并交回，不可带出考场。考生姓名:考生编号:1Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)far each numbered blank and markA,B,C,or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas including China,North Africa and the Middle East.They were typically _ 1_ outside the walls of a city or villageand were usually funded by governments of _ 2.This word“Caravanserais is a _ 3_ of the Persian word“karvan”,which means a group oftravellers or a caravan,and seray,a palace or enclosed building.The Perm caravan was used to_ 4_ groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons,5_ merchants,travellers or pilgrims.From the 10th century onwards,as merchant and travel routes become more developed,the_ 6_ of the Caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night.Travellers on the Silk Road _ 7_ possibility of being attacked by thieves or being _ 8_ toextreme conditions.For this reason,Caravanserais were strategically placed _ 9_ they could bereached in a days travel time.Caravanserais served as an informal _ 10_ point for the various people who travelled theSilk Road._ 11,those structures became important centers for culture _ 12_ and interaction,with travelers sharing their cultures,ideas and beliefs,_ 13_ talking knowledge with them,greatly _ 14_ the development of several civilizations.Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and _ 15_ in the tradeof goods along the Silk Road._ 16_,it was frequently the first stop merchants looking to selltheir wares and _ 17_ supplies for their own journeys.It is _ 18_ that around 120,000 to15,000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road,_ 19_ only about 3,000 are known toremain today,many of which are in _ 20_.21.A.displayedB.occupiedC.locatedD.equipped2.A.privatelyB.regularlyC.respectivelyD.permanently3.A.definitionB.transitionC.substitutionD.combination4.A.classifyB.recordC.describeD.connect5.A.apart fromB.instead ofC.such asD.along with6.A.constructionB.restorationC.impressionD.evaluation7.A.doubtedB.facedC.acceptedD.reduced8.A.assignedB.subjectedC.accustomedD.opposed9.A.so thatB.even ifC.now thatD.in case10.A.talkingB.startingC.breakingD.meeting11.A.By the wayB.On occasionC.In comparisonD.As a result12.A.heritageB.revivalC.exchangeD.status13.A.with regard toB.in spite ofC.as well asD.in line with14.A.completingB.influencingC.resumingD.pioneering15.A.aidedB.investedC.failedD.competed16.A.RatherB.IndeedC.OtherwiseD.However17.A.go in forB.stand up forC.close in onD.stock up on18.A.believedB.predictedC.recalledD.implied19.A.untilB.becauseC.unlessD.although20.A.ruinsB.debtC.fashionD.seriesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,3C,or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 Points)Text 1The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat,but the temperaturewill be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate howclimate change is taught in Texas schools.Pat Hardy,a conservative member of the board who sympathises with the views of theenergy sector,is resisting proposed changes to science standards for pre-teen pupils.These wouldemphasise the primacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion ofmitigation measures.Most scientists and independent experts sharply dispute her views.44What millions of Texaskids learn in their public schools is determined too often by the political ideology of partisan boardmembers,rather than facts and sound scholarship,says Dan Quinn,senior communicationsstrategist at the Texas Freedom Network,a non-profit group that monitors public education.tTheycasually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion.Such debates reflects fierce discussion across the US and around the world,as researchers,policy makers,teachers and students step up demands for a greater focus on teaching about thefacts of climate change in school.A study last year by the National Center for Science Education,a non-profit group ofscientists and teachers,looking at how state public schools across the country address climatechange in science classes,gave barely half of US states a grade B+or higher.Among the 10 worstperformers were some of the most populous states,including Texas,which was given the lowestgrade(F)and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.Glenn Branch,the centres deputy director,cautions that setting state-level science standardsis