2023年十堰市房县考研英语一高分通关卷Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后面各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Beingaphysicianwhofliesmuchoften,alotofmytimeisspentonplaneslisteningforthatfearful“Isthereadoctoronboard?”announcement.Ivebeen 1 onlyonce-forawomanwhohadmerelyfainted(昏厥).Butthe 2 mademequitecuriousabouthow 3 thiskindofthinghappens.IwonderedwhatIwoulddoif 4 witharealmid-airmedicalemergency-withoutaccess 5 ahospitalstaffandtheusualemergencyequipment.So 6 theNewEnglandJournalofMedicinelastweek 7 astudyaboutin-flightmedicalevents,Ireaditwith 8 .Thestudyestimatedthattherearea(n) 9 ofthirtyin-flightmedicalemergenciesonU.S.flightseveryday.Mostofthemarenot 10 ;faintinganddizzinessarethemostfrequentcomplaints. 11 13%ofthem-roughlyfouraday-areseriousenoughto 12 apilottochangecourse.Themostcommonoftheseriousemergencies 13 hearttrouble,strokes,anddifficultbreathing.Letsfaceit:planeridesare 14 .Forstarters,cabinpressuresathighaltitudesaresetatroughly 15 theywouldbeifyoulivedat5,000to8,000feetabovesealevel.Mostpeoplecantoleratethesepressurespretty 16 ,butpassengerswithheartdisease 17 experiencechestpainsasaresultofthereducedamountofoxygenflowingthroughtheirblood. 18 commonin-flightproblemisdeepvenousthrombosis(静脉血栓)-theso-calledeconomyclasssyndrome. 19 happens,dontpanic.Thingsaregettingbetteronthein-flight-emergencyfront.Thankstomorerecentlaws,flightswithat 20 oneattendantarestartingtoinstall(安装)emergencymedicalequipmenttotreatheartattacks.1、AaddressedBcalledCinformedDsurveyed2、AaffairBconditionCincidentDdisaster3、AsoonBlongCoftenDmany4、AprovidedBtreatedCidentifiedDfaced5、AtoBforCbyDthrough6、AbeforeBsinceCwhileDwhen7、AcollectedBpublishedCdiscoveredDconducted8、ApatienceBjoyCinterestDsorrow9、AaverageBamountCsumDnumber10、AsignificantBseriousCcommonDheavy11、AForBOrCSoDBut12、AinspireBrequireCengageDcommand13、AcontainBshowCimplyDinclude14、AenjoyableBstimulatingCstressfulDboring15、Awho B.whichCwhatDthat16、AhardBunwillinglyChappilyDeasily17、AmayBoughttoCusedtoDneed18、AAnyBAnotherCOtherDOne19、AWhereverBWhicheverCWheneverDWhatever20、AleastBworstCmostDBestSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1What Cocktail Parties Teach UsYoure at a party. Music is playing. Glasses are clinking. Dozens of conversations are driving up the decibel (分贝) level. Yet among all those distractions, you can tune your attention to just one voice from many. This ability is what researchers call the “cocktail-party effect”.Scientists at the University of California in San Francisco have found where that sound-editing process occurs in the brain in the auditory cortex (听觉皮层) just behind the ear, not in areas of higher thought. The auditory cortex boosts some sounds and turns down others so that when the signal reaches the higher brain, “its as if only one person was speaking alone,” says investigator Edward Chang.These findings, published in the journal Nature last week, explain why people arent very good at multitasking our brains are wired for “selective attention” and can focus on only one thing at a time. That inbornabilityhas helped humanssurvivein a world buzzing with visual and auditory stimulation (刺激). But we keeptryingto push the limits with multitasking, sometimes withtragic(悲剧的) consequences. Drivers talking on cellphones, for example, are four times as likely to get intotrafficaccidents as those who arent.Many of those accidents are due to “inattentional blindness”, in which people can, in effect, turn a blind eye to things they arent focusing on. The more attention a task demands, the less attention we can pay to other things in our field of vision. Images land on our retinas (视网膜) and are either boosted or played down in the visual cortex before being passed to the brain, just as the auditory cortex filters sounds, as shown in the Nature study last week. “Its a push-pullrelationship the more we focus on one thing, the less we can focus on others,” says Diane M. Beck, anassociateprofessor ofpsychologyat the University of Illinois.Studies over the pastdecadeat the University of Utah show that drivers talking on hands-free cellphones are just as influenced as those on hands-held phones because it is the conversation, not the device, that is distracting their attention. Those talking on any kind of cellphone react more slowly and miss more traffic signals than other motorists.Some people can train themselves to pay extra attention to things that