专题专题 8 8 副副 词词1/79考点考点1 1 副词词义辨析副词词义辨析一、一、how longhow long，how soonhow soon，how often how often 和和how far(how far(详细讲详细讲解见本书解见本书P38)P38)二、二、hardhard和和hardlyhardlyhard意为“努力地，费劲地，猛力地，猛烈地”，是程度副词；hardly意为“几乎不”，惯用作频度副词。如：We should study hard as students.作为学生，我们应该努力学习。She hardly ever calls me.她几乎从未给我来过电话。三、三、alreadyalready，yetyet和和stillstillalready表示事情已经发生，主要用于必定句；yet表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句，still表示某事还在进行，主要用于必定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：Weve already watched that movie.我们已经看过那部电影。I havent finished my homework yet.我还没有完成我作业。He still works hard every night.天天晚上他依然努力工作。2/79四、四、agoago和和beforebeforeago表示以现在为起点“以前”，和表示时间概念词组搭配使用，惯用在普通过去式句子中。before指已过去某一时刻为基准“以前”，也可泛指以前，惯用于现在完成时和过去完成时句子中。如：The meeting began five minutes ago.会议5分钟前开始了。I have never been to Suzhou before.我以前从未去过苏州。3/79考点考点2 2 副词比较等级副词比较等级 1.1.组成组成(请参见形容词比较等级改变方法请参见形容词比较等级改变方法)2 2不规则改变表不规则改变表原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstlittle(稍许)lessleastmuchmoremostfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthest4/793.3.使用方法使用方法(1)在二者进行比较表示“A不如B”时，部分双音节和多音节副词除使用“not.as/so副词原级as”结构外，还可使用“less副词原级than”结构。如：Bill didnt do his homework as carefully as Jim.Bill did his homework less carefully than Jim.比尔做作业没有吉姆认真。(2)副词最高级前普通不加定冠词the。5/79八年真题八年真题全练全练 菏泽中考中对副词考查主要集中在词义辨析上。其中单项填空包括较多，主要考查频度副词或关系副词辨析；完形填空主要考查副词在语境中利用。故在解答试题时要依据详细语境辨析所给选项。对于副词比较等级，近几年中考题中均没有包括，但未来中考可能考到，所以仍需掌握其组成与使用方法。考点考点1 1 副词词义辨析副词词义辨析1菏泽，30_A_A_ will your brother come back?Im not sure.Maybe in a week.AWhenBHowCWhether2菏泽，14Look at the flowers I gave you last month.They are dying！_B_B_do you water them?Sorry，I forgot to water them.AHow long BHow oftenCHow soon DHow much6/793菏泽，4Do you like seeing a movie on your mobile phone?No.I _A_A_ do that because it makes me uncomfortable.Aseldom BoftenCusually Dsometimes4菏泽，12The World Health Organization has given some advice on _A_A_ to protect us from being infected(感染)with H7N9.Ahow Bwhat Cwhere Dwhen5菏泽，6My friend Frank sings well，and he is _B_B_ good at playing guitar.Anot Balso Cyet Dtoo6菏泽，12Steve，_D_D_do you play basketball after school?Twice a week.It can keep me healthy.Ahow far Bhow soonChow long Dhow often7/797菏泽，24I _D_D_ ride a bike to school.But this morning I took a taxi because I got up late.Anever BsometimesCseldom Dusually8菏泽，29We havent decided _D_D_ well go to Shanghai next week.Awhere Bwhen Cwhy Dhow9菏泽，32_C_C_ can we get there?In five minutes.AHow often BHow farCHow soon DHow long8/79猜押预测猜押预测1In order to pass the exam，you need to work much _now.AhardBharderChardest2Who plays the piano_，Sam or Jerry?Jerry.But he gave the performance chance to Sam this time.Awell Bbetter Cbest3Lin Fang comes home _than before this afternoon.She doesnt have so many classes in the afternoon.Aearlier Blater Cearly4Who listens _，Tom，Jack or Bill?Athe most careful Bmore carefullyCthe most carefully5Though he has studied Russian _ for ten months，he can _speak the language.Ahard；hardly Bhardly；hard Chard；hardB BB BA AC CA A9/796What happened outside just now?A car hit a man._，the man wasnt badly hurt.ALuckily BUnluckily CEspecially7Did John get Number 1 in the math exam?Yes，no one did so _as him.Agood Bwell Cbetter8Its best to stay indoors，_ when PM2.5 reaches dangerous levels.Aexactly Bpossibly Cespecially9Another person was hurt by the tiger in the zoo.What a pity!That is a lesson to us；we must take rules _Aquickly Bclearly Cseriously10To our surprise，the computer _ won the chess game against the human player.Acertainly Busually CfinallyA AB BC CC CC C10/79专题专题 9 9 动动 词词11/79高频考点高频考点精讲精讲考点考点1 1 系动词系动词 系动词本身有词义，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起组成谓语部分，说明主语状态、性质、特征或身份等。类别类别n功效例词例词n表示状态系动词n表示主语所处状态ben表示连续系动词表示主语继续或保持某种身份或状态keep，remain，stay，stand，lien表示感官系动词n表示人体感官系动词look，feel，smell，taste，soundn表示状态改变系动词n表示主语从一个状态变换到另一个状态become，get，go，grow，turn 【注意注意】1.普通情况下，系动词没有被动语态。2表示状态系动词普通不用于进行时(feel除外)；改变系动词表示“渐渐”，可用于进行时。如：Its getting warmer and warmer.天气渐渐变得越来越暖和。12/79考点考点2 2 情态动词情态动词 情态动词有一定词义，但它本身并不表示动作或状态，而仅仅是表示说话人态度，在句中和实义动词一起组成谓语。情态动词情态动词n使用方法例句例句can表示能力，意为“能，会”He can speak English well.他英语讲得很好。n表示推测，意为“可能”。惯用于否定句或疑问句She cant be at home now.她现在不可能在家。n表示请求、允许，意为“能够”nCan I borrow your bike？我能借你自行车吗？couldncan过去式，意为“能，会”。表示过去能力Tom could play the piano well when he was young.汤姆小时候钢琴弹得非常好。n在疑问句中表示委婉请求nCould I have a cup of tea？我能够要杯茶吗？13/79情态动词情态动词n使用方法例句例句must表示主观看法，意为“必须，应该”nYou must finish your homework first.你必须先完成你家庭作业。n表示有把握推测，用于必定句，表示“一定”nThe book must be Marys because her name was on it.这本书一定是玛丽，因为书上有她名字。shouldn 意为“应该”，表示要求和命令，也能够表示劝说或提议We should keep the air fresh.我们应该保持空气清新。mayn表示请求、许可，意为“能够”,nYou may sit here if you want.假如你想话，你能够坐在这儿。n表示推测，惯用于必定句中，意为“可能，可能”nShe may come back tomorrow，but I am not sure.她可能明天回来，不过我不确定。14/79情态动词情态动词n使用方法例句例句mightnmay过去式,nHe asked if he might go home.他问他是否能够回家了。表示请求、许可，语气比may更委婉nMight I smoke here？我能够在这里吸烟吗？need表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中You neednt say sorry to him.你不需要对他说对不起。15/79考点考点3 3 动词词义辨析动词词义辨析1.1.语境辨析语境辨析近几年菏泽，对动词考查主要为语境辨析，需要学生经过阅读题干区分选项不一样意思，从而结合常识选出正确选项。2 2近义词辨析近义词辨析近义词辨析在菏泽近几年中考中几乎都包括到，在写作中也经常面临选词难题，所以掌握常见近义词使用方法是很有必要。常见易混近义词以下：(1)seperate与divide(见P112)(2)accept与receive(见P