专题11名词性从句 Part 基础知识点讲义Part 会考真题精练Part 最新试题测试Part 基础知识点讲义1名词性从句的分类名词性从句，包括四种从句，即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。因为主语、宾语、表语、同位语这四种成分均可以由名词构成，所以这四种从句在主句中都充当了名词的作用，故将这四种从句统称为名词性从句。2名词性从句的连接词分类1.that（无含义，不充当成分）2.whether,if（有“是否”的含义，但不充当成分）3.连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever.（在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语）连接副词：when, whenever, where, wherever, how, however, why （在从句中做状语）4. as if,as though,because（不充当成分，在名词性从句中只引导表语从句）一、主语从句 1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。2.that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示的东西时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。That she will succeed is certain.It is certain that she will succeed.注意：(1)在It is necessary/important/strange/natural.that从句结构中，从句谓语常用(should)动词原形形式。3. 主语从句的特殊用法（1）主语从句与定语从句的转换What is needed has been bought. All that is needed has been bought. 所有需要的都被买了。（2）几个特殊句型之间的转换It is known to all that China has joined the WTO.As is known to all, China has joined the WTO.What is known to all is that China has joined the WTO.众所周知，中国已加入WTO。4. 从句作主语时，句子谓语动词的单复数问题(1)从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。That they are not going to the cinema is a big surprise to us.他们不去看电影，这使我们感到很惊讶。(2)what引导的从向作主语，谓语动词一般用单数;若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式,则谓语动词常用复数。What she said is wrong.她所说的是错误的。What we need are books.我们所需要的是书籍。二、宾语从句1）宾语从句主要跟在动词、介词和某些形容词之后。I wish hat he woud understand me. 我希望他能理解我。Whether we can succeed depends on how well we cooperate.我们能否成功取决于我们合作得怎么样。Im afraid that Ive made a mistake. 恐怕我犯了一个错误。2）引导宾语从句的连接词主要有：连接词：that，whether，if等连接代词：what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等连接副词：when，where，why，how等1. 连接词that，whether，if引导I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help. 我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。I dont know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。2. 连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等引导She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class. 她问我班上谁的书法最好。Ill just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。3. 连接副词when，where，why，how等引导Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began? 你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗?Ive been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting. 我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。4. 宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。He asked me when we could set out the next day. 他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。Did you find out where she lost her car? 你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?5. 宾语从句的时态（1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)she says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)（2）当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)He said that he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)He said that they were having a meeting at that time. 他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)（3）当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it. 老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光比声音传播得快。注意：在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点：动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了惯例。hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示喜欢；痛恨；认为的动词或动词短语和see to表示注意，留意后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。When you start the engine, you must see to it that the car is in neutral. 启动发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。介词后的宾语从句。She is always thinking of how she can do more for others. 她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。宾语从句的否定转移。将think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I dont think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。I dont believe he will come. 我相信他不会来。三、表语从句引导表语从句的连接词主要有：连接词：that，whether连接代词：who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever whomever，whichever，whatever连接副词：when，where，how，why 1. 连接词引导The reason for his absence is that he hasnt been informed. 他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。2. 连接代词和连接副词引导The problem is who will take charge of this shop. 问题是谁将接管这家店铺。That is when I realized the importance of journalism. 那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。注意：（1）as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听上去好像有人在敲门。At that time, it seemed as though I couldnt think of the right word. 当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。（2）当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，这种用法常见于句型The reason why. is that. The reason why he came late was that he got up late. 他来得晚是因为起床晚了。2表语从句的三个易混句式句式用法例句This/That is why+结果意为这那就是.to work there. 那就是的原因，why 引导表语从句。Thats why I want you to work there.我想要你在那儿工作的原因。Th