八年级下册英语单元知识点详解Unit5Good mannersComic-Reading 1Second, dontcut in on others. 第二，不要打断其他人。cut in (on sb./sth.)打断（谈话），插嘴知识拓展cut down砍倒；减少,削减cut off切断，割断，剪断cut out切去,切除；剪下2Always waitpolitely. 总是礼貌地等候。polite adj.有礼貌的 impolite adj.没有礼貌的 politely adv.没有礼貌地be polite to sb.对有礼貌 be rude to sb.对粗鲁3leavethe tap running 水龙头一直在流leave vt.(1)使处于某种状态，the tap做宾语，现在分词running是宾语补足语。“leave sth. +宾语补足语”结构中，可用形容词、副词、现在分词或过去分词等作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾语补足语，如：What he said left me thinking deeply.形容词作宾语补足语，如：His illness left him weak.(2)离开;脱离leavefor离开前往如：Ill leave Nanjing for Beijing tomorrow.(3)遗忘;丢下leave sth.+地点 如：I left the book at home.注意：forget sth.表示忘记某物，不强调地点，但在“leave sth.+地点”结构中强调地点。拓展过去分词作宾语补足语，如：The moving story left him unmoved.副词作宾语补足语，如：What has left him away for so long?介词作宾语补足语，如：This matter left her without a way of hope.4queuefor yourturn排队等待(1) queuev.意为“排队等候”如：We should queue up at the ticket office.(2 )turnn.顺序,轮流Itsonesturntodosth.轮到某人做某事,takeonesturntodosth.=dosth.inturn=dosth.byturns 轮流做某事，vt.旋转turndown关小 turnup开大/出现 turnon打开 turnoff关(水源、煤气、电灯等)turnin上交 linking-V.变得turngreen/yellow变绿/黄了5Imafraidnot. 我恐怕不是。（1）Im afraid意为“恐怕”，主要用于礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事。（2）表示“害怕做某事”或“不敢做某事”，be afraid之后可接不定式，也可接of doing sth。拓展但若要表示担心可能会发生某事，则只能用be afraid of doing而不能用be afraid to do。6Alwayskeepthe library clean. 让图书馆总是保持清洁。keep vt.意为“使处于某种状态；保持”，常用于keep+宾语+宾语补足语。(1)keep+宾语+形容词/副词。Keepthedooropen.(2)keep+宾语+现在分词。如：Dontkeepyourmotherwaiting.(3)keep+宾语+介词短语。如：Theymustkeeptheirhandsbehindtheirbacks.linking-V.后常接形容词作表语，意为“保持；继续(处于某种状态)”。7We should put them backafterreading. 我们应该在读完书后把它们放回去。afterprep.后接名词、代词或动名词He ran after the bus.追赶I like going for a walk after having dinner.conj.后接句子I saw them after I arrived.后来拓展before的用法与after相同。Before watching TV, I have finished homework.Before I could get there，the film has been on for ten minutes.8Whatsthe proper way togreetpeople there, Jenny? 简妮，问候那里的人合适的方法是什么？(1)动词不定式to greet people there作后置定语，修饰the proper way。如：I have a lot of homework to do.(2)the way to do sth. /of doing sth.做某事的方式或方法，如：Its the best way of studying / to study English.知识拓展in a way在一定程度上，从某方面说on the way在路上by the way顺便说，顺便问in the way有时也可说成in sbs way挡路，碍事(3)greet sb欢迎某人greet sb. with sth.用问候某人greetings名词，问候9British people say “hello” or “nice to meet you” andshake your handwhen they meet you for the first time. 英国人在他们第一次遇见你时说“你好”或“很高兴认识你”并和你握手。(1)shake过去式shook；过去分词shaken；现在分词shaking常用短语：shake ones hands握某人的手；shake hands with sb.与某人握手wave ones hands挥某人的手；wave to sb.向某人挥手(2)hand vt.常用短语：hand in上交，交上去(给老师或上级)hand out散发，分发hand sb sth / hand sth to sb把某物递给某人10British people only greet relatives orclosefriends with a kiss.英国人只用亲吻来问候亲戚或亲密的朋友。closevt/vi.关闭;盖上;合上，反义词为open。如：She closed the door softly.adj.近的,接近的(+to)。如：His house is close to the factory.(关系)密切的,亲密的。如：She is a close friend of theirs.adv.接近,靠近地(+to)如：They live close to the museum.紧密地,紧紧地。如：Anna followed close behind.拓展closed adj.关闭的，反义词为open。如：He likes sleeping with the window closed.11But pleaseavoidsubjects like age, weight, music, books or something else. 但是请避免像年龄、体重、音乐、书籍或是其他的话题。avoid vt.后接名词或动名词做宾语，意为避免做某事。如：We should do everything carefully toavoid making mistakes.12Do people therebehavepolitelyin public? 那里的人会在公共场合举止文明吗？(1)behave vt/vi.表现 名词形式 behavior表现；行为，举止(2)public n.民众，群体；adj.公共的，公开的。如：The public like watching films like this.in public公开地，在别人面前。如：Dont speak loudly in public.13They think itsrudetopush inbefore others. 他们认为在其他人面前插话是很粗鲁的。(1)rude adj.粗鲁的；名词rudeness;反义词polite 常用短语：be rude to对粗鲁，(2)push v.推，反义词为pull，v.拉常用短语：push in,插队，加塞；插嘴 push on继续前进 pull up拔，拔起14Also, if theybump intosomeone in the street, theyll say “sorry”.同样，如果他们在街上装上某人，他们会说“对不起”。bump into撞上，碰上知识拓展fall into落入，陷入 run into撞上，碰上break into破门而入，非法进入 turninto把变成15Theyll say “excuse me” and be polite enough to waittillyou move. 他们将会说“打扰”并很礼貌地等你直到你移动为止。在肯定句中，till一般可以与until互换，但在否定句中一般用until，构成notuntil的结构，意为“直到才”如：She will wait here till/until 10.注意：主句为一般将来时，till/until引导的从句用一般现在时代替将来时。如：The bus will not go till/until all the people get on it.拓展until用于肯定句作“直到为止”解时，主句的动词一般是延续到till/until所表示的时间为止。如：He waits till/until the children are asleep.用于否定句作“在以前”、“直到才”解时，主句的动词一般是非延续性的，它所表示的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生。如：He didnt come until late in the morning.16British people are very polite at homeas well, arent they? 英国人在家也很礼貌，不是吗?too; also; either; aswell;aswellas辨析（1）too是个常用词，多用于口语，语气较随便。一般用在肯定句中，放在句末。如：IminRow1，too（2）also是比较正式的用