八年级下册英语单元知识点详解Unit8A green worldComic strip & Welcome to the unit1.Will more trees be planted this year?今年将要植更多树吗？willbe planted 为一般将来时的被动语态。一般将来时的被动语态由“be going to/willbe过去分词”构成。The books will be bought next week书将在下周买。在this，that，last，next及every等构成的表示时间的短语前一般不加介词in/on。I am going to play football this afternoon. 我打算在今天下午踢足球。that day前可以加on。I didnt see him (on) that day. 那天我没有看到他。2Trees are good for us树对我们有益。be good for 意为“对有益”；be good at意为“擅长”。Taking exercise is good for health. 运动对健康有益。be weak in 在某方面薄弱/不擅长do well in = be good at擅长do harm to = be harmful to多某某有害3More and more families own cars and this causes serious air pollution.越来越多的家庭拥有轿车，这引起了严重的空气污染。more and more families 意为“越来越多的家庭”，more and more意为“越来越多”，既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。More and more water is coming out 越来越多的水流了出来。表示“越来越少”时用fewer and fewer修饰可数名词，用less and less修饰不可数名词。Fewer and fewer people like this book越来越少的人喜欢这本书。There is less and less air pollution here这儿的空气污染越来越少。own的用法解析1作为名词，构成短语“of ones own，属于某人自己的”，“on ones own，独自”2作为形容词，“自己的，特有的”，如：She makes all her own clothes.3作为动词，“拥有，承认”，如：He owns a four-room flat.Reading1a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes 有高山和蔚蓝湖面的国家with在这里是介词短语做后置定语，意为“拥有”China is a country with a long history中国是一个拥有悠久历史的国家。without 意为“没有”，介词，其后接名词和动名词go to school without breakfast2Its beautiful, and we should try to keep it that way它（瑞士）很美，而且我们应该尽力让它一直保持那样。that way 意为“这样；那样；那边”。way可以和this、that等连用。Why does he act this way?他为什么这样做？That way, she will be alone when she finds the letter那样一来，她发现信时，就只有她一人在场。3In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled.在瑞士，像玻璃、塑料和纸被分成不同的小组，然后回收利用。separate into 把.分开，隔开be separated into 被.分开，隔开4Even old clothes and shoes can be recycled即使旧衣服和旧鞋子也能被回收。even副词，意为“即使，纵然；再者，加之；此外，而且；（表示进一层的意思）甚至（也），连”。Even he is old，he works hard. 即使他老了，他仍努力工作。even与much和far一样，其后接形容词副词的比较级5Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to the poor, and others are sent to factories for recycling.some, some, and others表示“一些,一些,还有一些”。6We are not allowed to cut down trees我们是不允许砍伐树木的。(1)allow 作“允许”或“许可”讲，常用动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。allow sbto do sth. 允许某人做某事(2)allow 作“许可，允许”讲，只可搭配动名词短语作宾语，不可直接用动词不定式作宾补，即只可说allow doing sth不可说allow to do sth.。They allowed smoking in this room only. 他们只允许在这间屋子里抽烟。(3)allow还常与out，in，up等副词搭配使用，即allow sbin/out/up等。She is not allowed out after dark. 天黑后，不准她出去。cut down 意为“削减；砍倒；杀死；删减”。There are fewer and fewer trees hereYou cant cut them down这儿的树越来越少。你不能砍它们。cut in on sb插嘴，打断别人cut out 剪出，戒掉cut short 缩短7If we drop litter in a public place, we will be fined by the police.如果在公共场合扔垃圾，我们将受到警方的惩罚。fine在此用作动词，意为“惩罚”。It is said that he will b fined by the police据说他将受警方罚款。8We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protect it wisely.我们依靠它富足的资源来生存，因此我们明智地保护它是很重要的。depend on 意为“依靠，依赖”。What does the homeless girl depend on? 那无家可归的女孩依靠什么生活？It depends依情况而定，看情况。wisely 意为“明智地；聪明地；精明地”。Even you have enough pocket money, you should spend it wisely即使你有足够的零花钱，你也应该明智地花费。9These new types of energy cost very little and will never run out这些新类型的能源成本很小，永远不会耗尽。take，spend，cost和pay都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不尽相同。(1) spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：spend time/money on sth. 在上花费时间（金钱）spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事(2) cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法如下：sthcosts (sb.)金钱某物花了（某人）多少钱A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。(doing) sthcosts (sb.)时间某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost(3) take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种：It takes sb.时间to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完亍这条路。doing sthtakes sb.时间做某事花了某人多少时间Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。(4) pay的基本用法是：pay (sb.)money for sth.付钱（给某人）买I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要向他们付20英镑的房租。pay for sth.付的钱I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。pay for sb.替某人付钱Dont worry! Ill pay for you. 别担心！我会给你付钱的run out和run out of这两个短语都有“用完”的意思，但用法不同。run out作不及物短语，表示“被用完；被耗尽；（人）把东西用完（或花光）”，其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命名词，而run out of则是及物短语，表示主动，其主语通常为人。My money is running out. 我的钱快用完了。10Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference！记住每个人都可以做点（对保护环境）有益的事！make a / no/ some/ much difference to 意思是“对.有/没有/有些/有很大作用、关系、影响”。The rain did not make much difference to the game这场雨对比赛没有多大影响。Grammar1As well as people，animals will be harmed by pollution. 和人一样，动物也将被污染伤害。as well与as well as只有一词之差，但意义和用法却相差甚远。(1) as well的用法：as well常用作状语，作“又；也”解，相当于too或also，常位于句末，无需用逗号与句子分开。I am going to London and my sister is going as well. 我要到伦敦去我妹妹也要去。(2) as well as的用法as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，表示“也，还”。它强调的是前一项，后一项只是顺便提及。因此连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前一项一致；而用not onlybut