英语的八种主要时态的结构一、一般现在时： 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。例：He listens to the radio every evening.时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sunday, etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词 否定形式：am/is/are +not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 二、一般过去时： 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 例：I was born on April 2, 1986.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time, etc. 基本结构：be动词；行为动词 否定形式：was/were +not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 三、现在进行时： 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 例：The woman is talking to the doctor.时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. 基本结构：am /is/are +doing 否定形式：am /is/are +not +doing. 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 四、过去进行时： 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 例：We were copying the new words this time yesterday.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 基本结构：was / were +doing 否定形式：was / were + not + doing. 一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。 五、现在完成时： 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 例：I have already finished my homework时间状语：recently, lately, since,for,in the past few years, etc. 基本结构：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +done. 一般疑问句：have或has放于句首。 六、过去完成时： 概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。 例：The class had already begun when I came to school.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc. 基本结构：had + done. 否定形式：had + not + done. 一般疑问句：had放于句首。 七、一般将来时： 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 例：We are going to have a volleyball match tomorrow.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. 基本结构：am/is/are going to + do；will/shall + do. 否定形式：am/is/are going not to + do；will/shall not + do. 一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。 八、过去将来时： 概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 例：Did you ask Kate whether they would fly to Egypt？时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc. 基本结构：was/were going to + do；would/should + do. 否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。英语的八种主要时态的用法及比较 一、一般现在时主要用于： 1、表示经常性或习惯性动作。 e.g. It seldom snows here. 2、表示现在的特征或状态。 e.g. He is always ready to help others. 3、普遍真理。 e.g. Action speaks louder than words. 4、剧情图片介绍，背景说明，动作解说。 e.g. (Tom enters the room and sits at the table) Doctor ： Whats your trouble, young man? Tom ： Ive caught a cold, doctor. 5、时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句表将要发生的动作时。 e.g. Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains. 与这种时态连用的时间状语常有： always, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等。 二、一般过去时主要用于： 1 、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况（包括习惯性的动作或状态） e.g. When did you read the novel? She often came to help us in those days. 2 、谈到过去的情况时 e.g. I didnt know you were so busy. 3 、谈到已死人的情况时 e.g. Lei Feng was a great communist fighter. 与这个时态连用的时间状语常有： yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, when, after, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句，表示主句动作开始的时间。 三、现在完成时主要用于： 1 、表示到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或情况，即多次动作的总和。 e.g. We have learnt four English songs this month. How many times have you read the novel? For many days we havent seen each other. 2 、表示对现在有影响的某一已发生的动作。 e.g. The delegation has left 代表团已经走了（说明现在不在这里） Look, what you have done. 看你干的事。 与这一时态连用的时间状语有： already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短语，连词 since 引导的时间状语从句。 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别： 一般过去时：重在说明动作在过去发生时的具体情况（时间、地点、方式、对象、细节等）。 现在完成时：只提起已发生的动作（事实）及其影响，不说明动作发生时的具体情况。 cf. Have you had your lunch? What did you have for lunch? I have ever been to the Great Wall, and I went there last summer with my father. 注：现在完成时表达的动作常具有反复性，故下面一句是错的： Have you seen the six thirtys news program? 应改为： Did you see the six thirtys news program? 四、现在完成进行时主要用于：表示过去开始的某一动作一直持续到现在，以至延伸到将来，它强调动作延续时间之长久。 e.g. Ive been writing an article. 我一直在写一篇文章。（还在写） cf. Ive written an article. 我写了一篇文章。（已写完） It has been raining these days. 这些天一直在下雨。 五、过去完成时 1 、过去完成时是一个相对时态，表示过去的过去，只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示出来。 e.g. As soon as we got to the station, the train had left. 注：主从句表达的动作紧接时，即两动作发生的时间没有明显时间上的悬殊或空档时，主从句都可用一般过去时。 e.g. Where did your brother study before he joined the army? 2 、过去完成时可表示截止过去某一时间动作的总或动作的结束。 e.g. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books By eight oclock, he had finished his homework. 与这个时态连用的时间状语常有： by 1985, by eight oclock, by then, by the end of last month, by the time when, when, as soon as, before 等连词引导的时间状语从句，表示主句动作结束的时间。 （六）现在进行时主要用于： 1 、表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。 e.g. Listen, someone is crying. What are you doing these days? 2 、代替一般现在时，表示经常性动作或状态，而含有某种感情色彩。 e.g. How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉怎样？（显得亲切） He is doing well in his lessons.